CSS Solved Islamiat Past Papers | Pakistani society Reconstruction in Islamic Teachings light
The following question of Islamiat is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted on the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Brief overview of the current Pakistani society challenges
3-Importance of Islamic teachings in guiding societal reconstruction
4-Islamic Principles for Pakistani Society Reconstruction
- ✓Social justice and equality
- Elimination of discrimination
- Legal and judicial equity
- Social welfare programms
- Gender equality
- ✓Economic reconstruction
- Islamic economic system
- Fairtrade practices
- Socially responsible investing
- Fair Wealth distribution
- ✓Political reforms
- Adherence to sharia law
- Leadership and accountability
- Political inclusivity
- Justice and rule of law
- ✓Islamic teachings and Sustainable development
- Stewardship of the earth
- Balanced resource utilization
- Prohibition of Harm (Dharaar)
- Renewable energy
- ✓Islamic value of education
- Mandatory education
- Critical thinking and STEM programs
- Balanced education
- Interfaith harmony
5-Conclusion
Introduction
Pakistan, as an Islamic republic, inherently draws upon Islamic teachings as a foundational guide for shaping its societal framework. The reconstruction of Pakistani society in light of Islamic teachings is multifaceted and dynamic. It involves a holistic approach and addresses the nation’s social, economic, political, and cultural dimensions. One key aspect of this Pakistani society reconstruction is the promotion of social justice. Islamic teachings emphasize justice, equity, protection of rights, and eradicating all injustices. The reconstruction process involves promoting ethical values and teachings of the Quran and Sunnah in all spheres of life. Islam provides a complete code of life, and the reconstruction of Islamic society aims to create a cultural, economic, and social landscape reflecting Islamic civilization’s diversity and richness. The rebuilding of integral components of society ensures fairness and plays a pivotal role in fostering a morally upright Pakistani society.
A brief overview of the current Pakistani society challenges
Pakistan faces several societal challenges that require careful consideration and strategic interventions. It faces challenges in several dimensions, including social justice, economic stability, political cohesion, sustainable development, and education. Socially, issues of inequality and discrimination persist, particularly affecting marginalized communities and women. Economic disparity is a significant issue as a large number of populations grapple with poverty, unemployment, and insufficient access to essential services. Moreover, on political grounds, the nation grapples with governance issues, corruption, and periodic political instability. It creates a sense of uncertainty and affects the implementation of policies.Along with this, sustainable development is a major global issue. It is also a significant development issue in Pakistani society. Sustainable development is hampered by environmental degradation, including land and forest degradation, water, land, and air pollution, water scarcity, and insufficient infrastructure in rural and urban areas. In education, disparities persist in access to quality schooling, particularly in rural areas, and in education and training programmes that contribute to a cycle of poverty and limit opportunities for social mobility. This complex tapestry of challenges requires comprehensive and coordinated efforts for societal betterment in Pakistan.
Islamic Principles for Pakistani Society Reconstruction
SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EQUALITY
- Elimination of Discrimination
Islam discourages every sort of discrimination. One of the core teachings of Islam is equality. Its teachings vehemently reject discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or social status. The Quran emphasizes the equality of all individuals: “O mankind, indeed, we have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is knowing and acquainted.”
- Legal and Judicial Equity
Law and order in a state are crucial matters. The foundation of a country depends on legal and judicial equity. Therefore, the reconstruction of Pakistan towards betterment is deeply connected with its law and order. Fair and unbiased legal rulings are key. The Quran commands absolute justice, even if it goes against one’s interests. It is stated, “O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or your parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah is more worthy of both. Follow not your desires, lest you not be just.”
- Social Welfare Programmes
Social welfare programmes can positively change a country. Social welfare in Islam strongly emphasizes caring for the less fortunate. Charity, or Zakat and Sadaqah, is a mandatory act of almsgiving to address economic disparities. The Quran states, “Charity is for those in need.” Social education programmes and health programmes are great sources for the better reconstruction of Pakistan. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) mentioned:” The greatest charity is for a Muslim to learn something and then teach it to others.”
- Gender Equality
Women are half of the world’s population. Islam granted them equal rights as men. For the positive reconstruction of Pakistan, it is essential to provide equal opportunities and rights to women. Women and men have the same religious and moral duties and responsibilities. Allah mentioned in the Quran: “And their Lord has accepted of them and answered them: “I will not suffer the work of any of you, whether male or female, to go to waste; each of you is from the other.”
ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION
Economic reconstruction in an Islamic context involves revitalizing economic systems in alignment with Islamic principles. The Quran encourages economic activities that foster justice, fairness, and compassion.
- Islamic Economic System
The economy is the backbone of a state. Pakistan faces economic challenges; therefore, a monetary system based on Islamic principles is a gateway for its reconstruction. Such principles characterize the Islamic economic system as the behavioural norms and moral foundations derived from the Quran and Sunnah, the collection of zakat and other Islamic taxes, and the prohibition of interest (riba) charged on loans. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “Sell not in a way as to create a liking for what you do not have (fair trade).
- Fair Trade Practices
Fair trade practices are integral to Islamic economic principles. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized fair dealings, stating, “The buyer and the seller have the option of cancelling or confirming the bargain unless they separate, and if they spoke the truth and made clear the defects of the goods, then they would be blessed in their bargain, and if they told lies and hid some facts, their bargain would be deprived of Allah’s blessings” (Sahih al-Bukhari).
- Socially Responsible Investing
Socially responsible investing aligns with Islamic finance principles, emphasizing ethical considerations in investment choices. The Quran encourages believers to seek lawful and beneficial earnings. Allah stated in the Quran: “O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which we have produced for you from the earth.”
- Fair Wealth Distribution
Fair wealth distribution is a cornerstone of Islamic economics. Zakat, the mandatory almsgiving, is a means of wealth redistribution. Surah Al-Baqarah outlines the recipients of Zakat and its role in purifying wealth: “The example of those who spend their wealth in the Way of Allah is like that of a grain of corn that sprouts seven ears, and in every ear, there are a hundred grains. Thus Allah multiplies the action of whomsoever He wills.”
POLITICAL SYSTEM
The political system of a state is a game changer for the reconstruction of a state. The formation and implementation of laws fall under the authority of the political wing. Islam strongly emphasizes the justice and fairness of rulers and their rulings. Accountability, transparency, and responsible leadership align with Islamic values. Reconstruction of Pakistan’s political system
- Adherence to Sharia law
Adhering to Sharia law is rooted in various Quranic verses and hadiths. The political system, with the rulings of the Quran and hadiths, can cure political instability in the country. The Islamic political system emphasizes leadership values and accountability for every action. Islamic teachings stress the importance of just and accountable leadership. The Quran emphasizes the responsibility of leaders to act justly and responsibly, as seen in the verse: “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due, and when you judge between people, to judge with justice” (Quran 4:58).
- Political inclusivity
The concept of consultation (shura) in Islam promotes political inclusivity. The Quran mentions the importance of mutual consultation in decision-making: “And those who conduct their affairs by mutual consultation” (Quran 42:38). This principle encourages leaders to seek the input of the governed, fostering a sense of inclusivity in political processes.
- Justice and rule of law
Justice is a fundamental principle in Islam, and the rule of law is emphasized in various Quranic verses and hadiths. The Quran states, “O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or your parents and relatives. Whether rich or poor, Allah is more worthy of both” (Quran 4:135). Hadith also stresses the importance of applying justice consistently and impartially.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Sustainable development is critical for the development and better reconstruction of a society. The better utilization and management of resources is a prominent goal of modern societies. Islamic teachings place a strong emphasis on a sustainable approach. This holistic approach is reflected in various Quranic verses and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). “Eat and drink from the provision of Allah, and do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption.”
- Stewardship of the Earth
Islamic teachings emphasize the concept of stewardship (Khilafah) of the earth, highlighting the responsibility of humans to act as guardians and caretakers of the world. This gives a sense of responsibility for betterment. This stewardship extends to all living beings and the natural world. Allah mentioned in the Quran, “It is He who has made you successors (Khalifah) (i.e., inheritors, custodians) upon the earth.”
- Prohibition of Harm (Dharaar)
Islamic teachings prohibit causing harm or damage to oneself, others, and the environment. Islamic ethics is based on Dharaar, or “avoiding harm,” which can be applied to many facets of life, such as social rebuilding and environmental preservation.
Allah said: “Do not take life, which God has made sacred, except by right if anyone is killed wrongfully.” This applies to human life, the environment, and individual and social matters.
- Renewable energy
The concept of renewable energy and effective energy sources is critical for improving society and its efficient working. An easy and cheap source of energy is required for economic development. It also provides cheap energy sources for household activities and daily consumption. The general principles of sustainability and responsible resource use align with promoting renewable energy sources. The use of clean and sustainable energy options can be seen as an application of Islamic principles for the betterment of the environment and society. Allah said, “And do not waste [resources] extravagantly. Indeed, He does not like the wasteful.”
ISLAMIC VALUE OF EDUCATION
Education is one of the critical sectors that transforms society in every aspect. A well-educated population with skills and knowledge contributes to economic growth, technological advancement, infrastructure development, and health and well-being. This, in turn, helps alleviate poverty and promote sustainable development and economic prosperity. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Wisdom is a lost property of the believer; he should take it even if he finds it in the mouth of a mushrik.”
- Mandatory education
Education is a tool to transform Pakistani society for the better. Islam places a strong emphasis on the acquisition of knowledge, and seeking education is considered a duty for both men and women. Therefore, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized the value of education by saying, “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim and woman.”
- Critical thinking and Stem programs
Islam encourages believers to reflect, ponder, and engage in critical thinking. The Quran repeatedly calls on people to contemplate the signs of creation and understand the natural world. In the modern world, research and innovation are mandatory for the development of a state. The education system in Pakistan requires critical thinking and STEM programs. Prominent Muslim scientists such as Ibn-e-Khuldoon, Omer Khayyam, Ibn Sina, Jabir bin Hayyan, etc., provided their services for scientific developments. The general spirit of Quranic teachings and understanding aligns with the principles of STEM education.
- Balanced educational programmes
Islam advocates for a holistic and balanced approach to education, encompassing academic knowledge and moral and spiritual development. The Quran emphasizes the importance of worldly and Islamic learning. Designing a balanced curriculum is essential for reconstructing and improving Pakistani society.
- Interfaith harmony
The Islamic concept of tolerance, understanding, and cooperation among people of different faiths is mandatory to reconstruct Pakistani society. The Quran encourages dialogue and peaceful coexistence with followers of other religions. Allah mentioned in the Quran: “Believers, Jews, Christians, and Sabeans—whoever believes in God and the Last Day and does what is right—shall be rewarded by their Lord; they have nothing to fear or to regret.”
Conclusion
In conclusion, the principles of Islam offer a comprehensive framework for societal reconstruction that encompasses social justice, economic reconstruction, political reforms, sustainable development, and the value of family structure and education. These principles are derived from the Quran and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), providing a holistic guide for individuals and societies seeking positive transformation. In essence, integrating these Islamic principles into societal reconstruction efforts provides a blueprint for creating just, equitable, environmentally sustainable, and socially harmonious societies. By drawing on Islam’s rich ethical and moral teachings, societies can work towards building a future that prioritizes the welfare of all individuals and reflects the values of justice, compassion, and inclusivity.
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CSS 2023 Solved Islamiat
| 2- | What is the Quranic argument on life Hereafter? What are its impacts on the individual and collective life of a human being? |
| 3- | Discuss the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) role as a Model for Military Strategy. |
| 4- | Elaborate on the rights of daughters granted by Islam and how these are denied by Muslims in the contemporary world. |
| 5- | Defind Ijma (consensus) and explain its different kinds. Can legislation by a parliament of an Islamic state be regarded as a valid consensus? |
| 6- | Analyze the Charter of Madina as a social contract. |
| 7- | What are the motives of extremism in Pakistan? How can society get rid of extremism by following the teachings of Islam? |
| 8- | Write Notes on the following: a. Human rights in the light of the Sermon of Farewell Pilgrimage. b. Social Justice in an Islamic Society. |
