CSS 2013 Solved Pakistan Affairs Past Papers | Role of Muslim Press and Journalists in Creation of Pakistan
The following question of CSS Pakistan Affairs 2013 is solved by Miss Iqra Ali, the best Pakistan Affairs Coach, on the guided pattern of Sir Syed Kazim Ali, which he taught to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
In this question, the examiner has asked you two things: first, the contribution of the Muslim Press in the struggle for the creation of Pakistan, and second, the role of prominent Muslim journalists in this regard. So, write the answer by giving equal weightage to parts.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-How the Muslim Press Played a Significant Role in the Struggle for the Creation of Pakistan?
- ✓ By Raising Awareness and Strengthening Political Mobilization
- ✓ By Countering Anti-Muslim Narratives and Supporting the AIML Cause
- ✓ By Providing Coverage to Events
- ✓ By Encouraging Muslim Identity and Nationalism
3-What was the Role of Muslim Journalists in the Struggle for the Creation of Pakistan?
- ✓ Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Criticizing the Anti-Muslim Policies
- ✓ Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Advocating for Muslim Political Rights
- ✓ Mir Khalil-ur-Rahman, Highlighting the Muslim Cause
- ✓ Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Established Dawn
4-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Media played a significant role in the creation of a separate nation for the Muslims of the Indian Subcontinent by shaping public opinion, amplifying the voice of the Muslim League, raising awareness and strengthening political mobilization, countering anti-Muslim narratives, and supporting the AIML cause, providing coverage to its events, and encouraging Muslim identity and nationalism. Newspapers like DAWN and JHANG were utilized as powerful tools in promoting the League’s agenda, two-nation theory, and educating Muslims on the need to establish self-rule in India. The engaging and influencing editorials of the newspapers provided high coverage of the leading events, and through fearless journalism, the media united Muslims under a common cause of attaining a separate homeland. The leading journalists who played a vital role in promoting the cause include Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Mir Khalil-ur-Rahman, among others. To conclude, the media was utilized as a powerful force that ignited the demand for an independent Muslim state.
How the Muslim Press Played a Significant Role in the Struggle for the Creation of Pakistan?
The following points describe the role of the Muslim press in the struggle for the creation of Pakistan.
- ✓ By Raising Awareness and Strengthening Political Mobilization
First, the press raised awareness and strengthened political mobilization by educating Muslims about their political and social rights, whereas the newspapers highlighted Muslim grievances and the oppressive policies of the British government toward them. The newspapers Zamindar, Al-Hilal, Dawn, and Comrade educated Muslim masses through articles and editorials by highlighting Hindu-Muslim differences. For an illustration, Maulana M. Ali Jauhar’s Al-Hilal provided coverage of the Khilafat Movement and advocated for the preservation of the Caliphate in 1919, mobilizing Muslims against the British’s oppressive policies. Also, the articles help Muslims understand the injustices faced by marginalized Muslim communities under the dominating role of Congress.
- ✓ By Countering Anti-Muslim Narratives and Supporting the AIML Cause
Second, the press played a significant role in countering Anti-Muslim narratives, as the Hindu-dominated press portrayed Muslims as a backward community who opposed change. For an illustration, Zamindar (newspaper) exposed discrimination against Muslims under the rule of Congress Ministries (1937-39), such as the promotion of Hindi over Urdu. As a result, the Muslim press highlighted the intellectual foundations of the two-nation theory. These intellectual defenses help Muslims to strengthen the demand for a separate nation. Furthermore, they exposed Congress’s discriminatory policies, which sparked the demand for a Muslim state.
- ✓ By Providing Coverage to Events
Third, the press provided high coverage of the political gatherings of the All India Muslim League and published articles on ideology, Islamic history, and culture to support the League’s manifesto of the preservation of the separate identity of Muslims. Then, the press extensively covered the League’s sessions, resolutions, and speeches of its leaders to send the message to the audience at a massive scale. The newspaper Dawn became the official mouthpiece of the AIML, explaining its objectives to Muslims and the British government. For example, newspapers like Nawa-i-Waqt and Shahbaz helped rally mass support for the demand for a separate nation for the Muslims of the Indian Subcontinent.
- ✓ By Encouraging Muslim Identity and Nationalism
Last, the magazines and newspapers published articles on Islamic history and culture, reinforcing the concept of a separate nation. The newspapers highlighted the urgency and need to establish self-rule for Muslims as the only way to preserve their socio-economic rights and their separate identity. For illustration, Ahmad Syed writes in the book Trek To Pakistan that commenting upon the June 3rd Plan, the daily Nawa-i-Waqt in an editorial mentioned that call it partition of India or Pakistan. The league was ridiculed in 1940, for making this very demand. When mockery and ridicule could not suppress that demand, heaps of abuses were hurdled on the league and Mr. Jinnah was called by the filthiest of names. The pieces of information also exposed the discriminatory policies of Congress to strengthen the demand for a separate nation.
What was the Role of Muslim Journalists in the Struggle for the Creation of Pakistan?
The following personalities played a significant role in the struggle for the creation of Pakistan.
- ✓ Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Criticizing the Anti-Muslim Policies
First, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan in the newspaper Zamindar wrote many articles to criticize the British policies. He further strengthened the demand for a separate nation by highlighting Congress’s anti-Muslim stance. Next, he promoted the objectives and manifesto of the only Muslim representative party All India Muslim League (AIML). Then, he explicitly supported the idea of Pakistan, which helped Muslims to understand the need to establish self-rule in India.
- ✓ Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Advocating for Muslim Political Rights
Second, Maulana M. Ali Johar wrote many pieces of information in the newspaper Hamdard and Comrade. He explicitly advocated for the socio-economic and political rights of the Muslims. He raised his voice against the British imperialism. In this way, his voice inspired Muslims to resist the dominating and oppressive rule of the British government. Further, his writing inspired Muslims to never agree with the notion of a federally united India, where there was a threat of subjugation under Hindu domination.
- ✓ Mir Khalil-ur-Rahman, Highlighting the Muslim Cause
Third, Mir Khalil-ur-Rehman’s writing in Jhang played a significant role in highlighting the Muslim cause of a separate nation. Later, he contributed to journalism in Pakistan. He was a pioneering Pakistani journalist and the founder of the Jhang Group of newspapers. The group became the largest media group in Pakistan. He launched the newspaper in 1941 in Delhi when the demand for a separate nation was gaining momentum, catering to the growing political awareness among Muslims.
- ✓ Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Established Dawn
Last, Jinnah established DAWN to ensure the Muslim League’s voice reached a massive audience bypassing British and Congress-controlled media. The newspaper was founded in 1941 as the official mouthpiece of AIML. It was launched in Delhi and edited by Altaf Hussain. Jinnah realized that the Congress-dominated press was promoting an anti-Muslim narrative that their backwardness was the real cause of resistance against the idea of a united India. He realized that the press was involved in suppressing the League’s viewpoint on self-rule in India. Thus, he founded Dawn to counter the threat and present the policies of the AIML. For illustration, the paper criticized the Quit India Movement launched in 1942 as a Hindu-dominated struggle.
Conclusion
To conclude, the media was utilized as a powerful force that ignited the demand for an independent Muslim state. Thus, it played a significant role in the creation of a separate nation for the Muslims of the Indian Subcontinent by shaping public opinion, amplifying the voice of the Muslim League, raising awareness and strengthening political mobilization, countering anti-Muslim narratives, and supporting the AIML cause, providing coverage to its events, and encouraging Muslim identity and nationalism. Newspapers like DAWN and JHANG were utilized as powerful tools in promoting the League’s agenda, two-nation theory, and educating Muslims on the need to establish self-rule in India. The engaging and influencing editorials of the newspapers provided high coverage of the leading events, and through fearless journalism, the media united Muslims under a common cause of attaining a separate homeland. The leading journalists who played a vital role in promoting the cause include Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Mir Khalil-ur-Rahman, among others.
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