PMS 2015 Solved Pakistan Affairs Past Papers | “Quaid was a Great Constitutionalist.” Elucidate.
The following question of PMS Pakistan Affairs 2015 is solved by Aamir Hassan under the supervision of Miss Nirmal Hasni. She learnt how to attempt 20 marks question and essay writing from Sir Syed Kazim Ali, Pakistan’s best CSS and PMS English essay and precis teacher with the highest success rate of his students. This solved past paper question is attempted on the pattern taught by Sir to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory and optional subjects for years, and uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question breakdown:
In the above question examiner has asked for an explanation of how Quaid Azam was a great constitutionalist. In this regard, aspirants are required to give a brief introduction of Jinnah’s constitutional history during British rule, a deep understanding of his future perspective on the constitution of Pakistan, and a link to his views that make him the great constitutionalist of all times.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- The constitutional advance of Jinnah during the colonial era
3- What were Jinnah’s views about the future constitution for the Muslims of South East Asia— the East and West Pakistan?
- ✓ The Idea of a sovereign independent nation-state
- Case in point: Stanley Wolpert remarked his views in these words, “Fewer still modify the map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state. Mohammad Ali Jinnah did all three.”
- ✓ No theocratic state
- Case in point: The Sole Spokesman by Ayesha Jalal—”Jinnah’s vision of Pakistan was not just an Islamic state but a democratic one, where all citizens, regardless of their religion, would be equal participants.”
- ✓ The Role of the State and the Federal Government
- Case in point: While addressing the students at Dhaka, he said that the first duty of the government is to maintain law and order so that the life, property and religious beliefs of its subjects are fully protected by the State.
- ✓ Appointment and removal of government
- Case in point: Jinnah said that the government should come into power through elections to the federal and provincial assemblies. But if the government does not perform in the interest of the people, the procedure outlined in the constitution should be adopted through a vote of no confidence.
- ✓ On the performance of bureaucracy
- Case in point: Speaking in this connection on April 14, 1948, Quaid said that whichever Government is formed according to the Constitution and whoever happens to be the Prime Minister or Minister coming into power in the ordinary constitutional course, your duty is not only to serve the Government loyally and faithfully.”
- ✓ Role of Bureaucracy Under the Government
- Case in point: Speaking in this connection on April 14, 1948, Quaid said: “Whichever Government is formed according to the Constitution and whoever happens to be the Prime Minister or Minister coming into power in the ordinary constitutional course, your duty is not only to serve the Government loyally and faithfully.
- ✓Jinnah’s for the foreign policy of Pakistan
- Case in point: He clarified that our objectives should be peace within and peace without, live peacefully, and maintain cordial and friendly relations with our immediate neighbours and with the world at large. Lastly, we have no aggressive designs against anyone.
- ✓Rights of women in the eyes of Jinnah
- Case in point: He remarked at the Muslim University Union, Aligarh, on March 10, 1944, that no nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women side by side with you
4- Critical Analysis
5- Conclusion
Introduction
A leader is a person who understands all categories of the people whom he is leading and works to make them united around himself or the organization or a nation with a certain specified vision. Quaid Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah—the founding father of Pakistan, possessed all these qualities. Taking about his constitutional background, at very first, he was a staunch believer of Hindu-Muslim unity, and he united both Congress and Muslims through the Lucknow Pact in 1916; for his efforts, he was named by Sarojini Naidu as the ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity. However, the unfair treatment of Congress and the British Muslims led him to demand a separate homeland. Constitutionally, he not only fought the British to get Muslims their rights, but he also resisted the Congress to create a Hindu-dominated society, where the rights of minorities could be in deep trouble, on 14th August 1947. Sadly, he did not construct the constitution for the newly born state, but his speeches identify his vision for the state. In this regard, he revitalized the concept of a sovereign nation-state system, inaugurated a modern Islamic democratic state where minorities are protected, supported the federal form of government, gave importance to bureaucracy, and enhanced the participation of women in all spheres of life. Although a separate homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent was granted by Jinnah, his early demise led the nation toward an era of disunity and socio-economic crisis in the Eastern and Western wings of the nation.
Constitutional advance of Jinnah during the colonial era
Before proving the fact that Quaid Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a great constitutionalist, it is imperative to have his constitutional history during the era of colonization. From his very first career, he was appointed as a member of the Imperial Legislative Council in 1910. After that, he started working for the freedom of India through constitutional means and the rights of minorities. It was his efforts that united the Congress and Muslim league, and a joint charter called the Lucknow pact in 1916 was enforced. According to the act, the home run policy was introduced in India, running the internal affairs of the country. Moreover, over the course of time, the atrocities of the British by giving more Hindus key positions and the Nehru 14-point report in 1928 ignited the flames for a separate homeland in the hearts of the Jinnah to strive for their separate homeland for the protection of their rights. Lastly, due to his efforts, a separate electorate was introduced in the Indian Act of 1935, including more rights for the Muslims of the Subcontinent.
What were Jinnah’s views about the future constitution for the Muslims of South East Asia— East and West Pakistan?
✓ The Idea of a sovereign independent nation-state
Coming towards proving that Jinnah was a great constitutionalist. Although Jinnah himself had not written any book on his constitutional struggle, it can easily be judged from his speeches that reflect the vision for the future constitution of Pakistan. The far-reaching point is that he demanded a separate sovereign independent state that possesses self-controlled rule, its internal as well as external affairs Muslims on the basis of religion, along with cultural and other norms. With all his efforts, he successfully overthrew all the opposition of Congress and the British and created Pakistan. In this regard, Stanley Wolpert remarked his views in these words, “Fewer still modify the map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state. Mohammad Ali Jinnah did all three.” As a result, he revised the ideology that emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, making him a great constitutionalist.
✓ No theocratic state
Next to it, he was in favour of creating a modern democratic state that follows the principles of Islam. In this context, Maleeha Lodhi, in her book Pakistan Beyond the Crisis State, defines that Mountbatten suggested he (Jinnah) follow their Muslim empire—Akbar, but he refused by saying, “Why should I follow others when we (Muslims) have the greatest leader of time—Muhammad (P.B.U.H).” Therefore, he chose a modern democratic state where every citizen gets their rights. To highlight this, in her book The Sole Spokesman, Ayesha Jalal aptly remarked that Jinnah’s vision of Pakistan was not just an Islamic state but a democratic one where all citizens, regardless of their religion, would be equal participants. Therefore, his vision to protect every citizen’s rights made him a great constitutionalist.
✓ The Role of the State and the Federal Government
Moreover, Jinnah’s views on the role of the State and the federal government were totally supportive of the protection of the rights of Pakistanis. While addressing the students at Dhaka, he said that the first duty of the government is to maintain law and order so that the life, property and religious beliefs of its subjects are fully protected by the State. On the other occasion, he highlighted that if we want to make this great State of Pakistan happy and prosperous, we should wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people, especially of the masses and the poor. In the same way, he strongly emphasized not discriminating against any citizen on the basis of their colour, creed, and even their region, making him the greatest leader of all time.
✓ Appointment and removal of government
Similarly, when he was asked by the students in Dhaka on 21 March 1948 about the appointment and removal of the government, he replied that the government should come into power through elections to the federal and provincial assemblies. But if the government does not perform in the interest of the people, the procedure outlined in the constitution should be adopted through the vote of no confidence, which is to be exercised as provided in the constitution. Constitutionally, he laminated that it is in your hands to upset one government and put another government in power if you are dissatisfied to such an extent. Once again, this concept made him a great constitutionalist.
✓ Role of Bureaucracy Under the Government
Furthermore, on the role of bureaucracy, Jinnah considered it as one of the crucial institutions that can uplift the socio-economic standards of a nation. Speaking in this connection on April 14, 1948, Quaid said that whichever Government is formed according to the Constitution and whoever happens to be the Prime Minister or Minister coming into power in the ordinary constitutional course, your duty is not only to serve the Government loyally and faithfully but at the same time, fearlessly maintaining your high reputation, your prestige, your honour and the integrity of your service, without which our dream for the greatest nation will remain unfulfilled.
✓ Jinnah’s for the foreign policy of Pakistan
Apart from the internal affairs of the country, Jinnah’s vision for foreign policy has reflected the peaceful coexistence for global peace and enhancement of international trade. He clarified that our objectives should be peace within and peace without, live peacefully, and maintain cordial and friendly relations with our immediate neighbours and with the world at large. Lastly, we have no aggressive designs against anyone. If a nation has such a vision, it will never go to war, and as a result, global peace should be promoted.
✓ Rights of women in the eyes of Jinnah
In parallel to this, women in any nation play a vital role in uplifting and ameliorating the socio-economic standards of a state; therefore, from the speeches of Jinnah, one should get the position of women in the future of the constitution of Pakistan. He remarked at the Muslim University Union, Aligarh, on March 10, 1944, that no nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women side by side with you; unfortunately, we are victims of evil customs as It is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four walls of the houses as prisoners. Therefore, he placed great emphasis on the rights of women at all levels.
Critical analysis
To analyze it critically, all prescribed ideas that were in the view of Jinnah have been added to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Unfortunately, the early demise of Jinnah left a power vacuum that deviated a lot of individuals toward corruption, nepotism, and bribery nationwide. To feel the pain, since then, the country has been bearing the brunt of the worst socio-economic crises. Therefore, the government of Pakistan must ensure the constitutional rights of every citizen with true letter and spirit. Only the Jinnah’s vision of the greatest nation must be intact.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, the political and constitutional history of Jinnah has reflected the visionary leadership skills of Jinnah. In the very first stage, he united the Congress and the Muslim League. Then, the atrocities of not only the Nehru-led party but also the British Empire coerced him to demand an independent nation for Muslims. After the partition of India through the 3rd June Plan, Pakistan adopted the India Act 1935 with minor changes according to the requirements of the newly born nation. However, Quaid Azam died within two years of the nation’s inception. But, to prove him as a great constitutionalist, his speeches that were based on the future of the nation directed individuals about Jinnah’s outstanding qualities as a constitutionalist. In this regard, he revitalized the concept of a sovereign nation-state system, inaugurated a modern Islamic democratic state where minorities are protected, supported the federal form of government, gave importance to bureaucracy, and enhanced the participation of women in all spheres of life. To sum up this, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, former prime minister of Pakistan, said, “He (Jinnah) was a great democrat and a great constitutionalist. He had faith in the Constitution and the rule of law. He had strong principles, and he lived up to them.”
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