PMS 2017 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | The Holy Prophet (PBUH) as a Great Politician and Administrator
The following question of PMS Islamiat 2017 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner asked about the role of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as a great statesman and administrator. The first part is an outline, breaking the question into different parts. Moving further, an introduction is given, followed by the role of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as a great statesman and administrator, as well as a critical analysis and conclusion.
Outline
1-Introduction
2- Debunking the terms statesmen and administrator
3- The role of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as a great statesman
- ✓Establishing brotherhood of Muhajireen and Ansar
- ✓Formation of Messaq e Madian (constitution of madina)
- ✓Signing Treaty of Hudabiya
- ✓ Fatah Makkah (bloodless conquest)
- ✓Establishing foreign linkages
4-The role of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as an administrator
- ✓ Revenue administration
- ✓ Military administration
- ✓ Philosophy of war
- ✓ Protection of human rights
5-Critical Analysis
6-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Throughout history, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was unquestionably a brilliant statesman and an unmatched administrator. After becoming a prophet, the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) victory was characterized by peace, tolerance, and tenacity. According to the Quran, “We have sent you (o Muhammad (PBUH)) as a mercy for all mankind.” However, He (PBUH) had a reputation for bringing people together even when they were at war. He created written documents even when he founded the Medina Peace Sanctuary, which Muslims consider the world’s first surviving written constitution. Thus, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was a unique administrator and a brilliant statesman.
Significance of politicians and administrators for a state
The terms statesmen and administrator allude to the government of a country. In general, the ultimate purpose of every nation’s politicians and administrators is to provide equality and equity in the population. Public administration is critical to the efficient operation of the government. It is primarily concerned with government apparatus and procedures as a specific academic topic. At the same time, A statesman goes above and beyond for the betterment of the people he or she serves. They are significant to a state because they are frequently leaders who have guided their country through times of crisis or war.
The role of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as a great statesman
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is recognized as an excellent statesman and one of the most successful leaders in history. Because he was recognized as a symbol of world peace due to his political influence, social and political reforms, rules of justice and equality, and his tolerant and universal leadership style.
- Establishing the brotherhood of Muhajireen and Ansar
The Prophet (PBUH) was unquestionably an outstanding leader. His accomplishments and evidence speak for themselves. The Mawakhat e Madinah was one of the significant achievements. The history of Mawakhat begins when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions fled to Medina to escape Meccan oppression. An economic imbalance resulted from this. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) established the Mawakhat-e-Madina brotherhood in order to overcome this financial problem.
- Formation of Messaq e madian(constitution of madina)
Going to the ladder, the great Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) created the Medina Constitution, a collection of documents about tribal matters in Medina. According to Muslim authors, the declaration “lit the torch of freedom,” created a diverse community that is “the first of its kind in the intellectual and political history of human civilization,” and “assumed an oversized significance” in the “modern Muslim imagination.” The history of the Muslim empire, which had expanded from the tiny Muslim settlement in Medina, underwent a significant change just because of the excellent statesman prophet Muhammad(PBUH).
- Signing the Treaty of Hudabiya
Furthermore, the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya recognized the Prophet’s (PBUH) outstanding accomplishment as a great statesman. On AH 6, Muhammad signed the historic Treaty of al-Hudaybiya with the Qurayshite tribe in Mecca on behalf of the state of Medina. The contract allowed Muhammad’s followers to return the following year on a peaceful pilgrimage that became known as the First Pilgrimage and reduced tensions between the two cities. Additionally, it reaffirmed the ten-year peace status. According to the Quran (Surah Al-Fath 48:1), “Surely we have granted you a clear victory” Moreover, in Surah Al-Fath 48:2, Allah says, “So that Allah may forgive you your shortcomings, whether earlier or later, and may complete His favours upon you and guide you to the Straight Way”. Thus, this contract demonstrated the holy Prophet’s (PBUH) unparalleled and remarkable abilities as a great statesman.
- Achieving Fatah Makkah(bloodless conquest)
Aside from these, the conquest of Makkah was a fantastic illustration of capturing a territory without violence or murder. In response, the Prophet (SAW) prepared for battle in order to take Makkah. To surprise the Makkans and stop additional carnage, he instructed the Sahabah (RA) to keep the plans a secret. One of the most important events in Islamic history was the conquering of the city. The Prophet (SAW) assured Abu Sufyan that anyone seeking sanctuary in their homes or the Sacred Masjid would be safe before the Muslims invaded Makkah. The sacredness of the Ka’bah was respected, and the city was overrun without any casualties.
- Establishing Foreign linkages
Finally, Muhammad’s (PBUH) establishment of foreign ties was a significant step in his remarkable career as a statesman. He invited various heads of power, including the Great Ruler of Rome, the King of Abyssinia, and the Great Ruler of Persia, to convert to Islam in a series of letters sent via diplomatic channels. These letters ultimately led to the acceptance of Islam by the King of Abyssinia but not by the emperors of Rome or Persia. Similar to this, the Prophet (PBUH) used his extraordinary diplomatic abilities to write letters to the heads of state of Yemen, Oman, and Bahrain, all of whom joined Islam. Furthermore, after capturing Makka, the Prophet built amicable and cordial diplomatic and political relations inside and outside the Arabian Peninsula. Several letters inviting monarchs and rulers outside the Arabian Peninsula to convert to Islam were written by the Prophet Mohammed; peace and prayers be upon him. Heraclius and Ashama ibn Abjar, the Ethiopian emperor, were all seen by the Prophet (PBUH).
The role of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as an administrator
By laying the groundwork for a fair and just society in Medina, serving as the chief justice, managing the economy, and enforcing laws based on the Quran, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) played a crucial role as an administrator. He also demonstrated leadership traits like compassion, fairness, and consultation, thereby creating a model for good governance that is still applicable today.
“O you who were raised amongst us
Coming with a word to be obeyed
You have brought to this city nobleness
Welcome! The best caller to God’s way.”
- Revenue administration
The Prophet of Islam [pbuh] established a perfect Islamic kingdom with a shared prosperity shortly after arriving in Madina. Sovereignty belonged to Allah, and the Holy Prophet was the Head of State. He had military authority in addition to the executive and judicial branches. He served as supreme military commander, chief justice, and lawmaker. In the time of the Holy Prophet, the state’s revenue came from a variety of sources, including alganimah (booty), jizya (poll tax), zakat, sadaqah, alkharaj (land tax collected from non-Muslims), and albay. One-fifth of the wartime loot went to the government, while the remaining four-fifths were divided among the soldiers.
- Military administration
The Muslims initially resisted attacks from hostile tribes and the Quraish. There was no organized or regular army at first. Three hundred thirteen volunteers comprised the Muslim force at the Battle of Badre. However, the number of Muslims rose dramatically as Islam spread. During the capture of Makkah, there were 10,000 Muslims, and during the Tabuk expedition, that number tripled. The Holy Prophet had direct authority over the warriors. The five winged formations were chosen: the front guard, rear guard, centre, right, and left. Therefore, the Prophet’s remarkable military tactics demonstrated his administrative ability.
The Quran says, “The Messenger of Allah is very kind to
followers and strict against non-believers.”
- Philosophy of war
Moreover, the Prophet established new guidelines for warfare for the first time in Arab history. He organized this army of a few warriors and allocated them to one another when he left Madinah and headed for Badar to halt the infidel onslaught. He designated the administrator at Madinah to serve in his place before he departed for Badar. This idea of keeping information about the enemy’s actions hidden served as the foundation for contemporary warfare theories and aided in professional military training. The will of Allah was the driving force behind all the laws and guidelines established by the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The virtues of purpose, perseverance, and struggle are among the precepts established by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Thus, they lived, fought, and died in the way of Allah to justify His ways, for they believe: “Allᾱh surely helps those who help him (his cause); surely Allᾱh is strong, mighty”.
- Protection of human rights
Going forward, the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) next administrative step was to protect human rights. The Holy Prophet wrote a Madina charter outlining citizens’ rights and responsibilities. It was the world’s first written constitution. The Messenger of Allah stated, “Your lives and properties are forbidden to one another till you meet your Lord on the Day of Resurrection”. Additionally, Jesus forbade the killing of people, stating that the two biggest sins are associating something with God and killing people. Additionally, the Prophet acknowledged that individuals have the right to protect their honour, and Islam recognises that citizens have the right to privacy. Thus, as a great administrator, the Prophet stated, “Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave” and created customs for amicably settling disputes.
Critical Analysis
Prophet Muhammad was unquestionably a magnificent human, an exceptional leader, a remarkable military strategist, and a spectacular lawmaker. Not just for Muslims but also for Western nations, the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) serves as the best model for the entire Muslim Ummah. Muhammad (SAW) is responsible for establishing justice, equality, freedom, and moral principles that were put into practice during their rule. He is the world’s most outstanding leader, and today, most developed and well-organized Western nations follow the administrative policies of the Madinate period. Thus, the Prophet is a blessing to everyone in all spheres of life.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Holy Prophet’s life serves as a comprehensive and timeless model for humanity, which makes the above in-depth assessment of him significant. The West adopted the idea of a welfare state and is now progressive and advanced. The golden rules of statesmanship, which the Holy Prophet (PBUH) also provided, let a state carry out its responsibilities effectively and ensure that justice is upheld everywhere. Everyone in His court was treated equally, regardless of caste, colour, or creed, as Jesus demonstrated by setting an example and directing His associates to follow. His (PBUH) entire approach to political leadership was founded on thorough and flexible regulations. Nevertheless, he (PBUH) was a successful military expedition leader and a superb statesman. He (PBUH) portrayed Himself as flawless in the face of adversity, and His approach to dealing with His adversaries was endearing. He (PBUH) was a true political leader in the field of morals and spirituality.
“He (pbuh) told us how to live and how to die
Those who love him shine like stars in the sky.
He is the Prophet (pbuh) for all generations
He (pbuh) combines, in one, all human nations.”
(Prof. Niamat Ali Murtazai)
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