CSS 2011 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | Human Rights in Islam in the Light of Sermon Hijjatul Widdah
The following question of CSS Islamiat 2011 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner has asked for a comprehensive overview of human rights in Islam in the light of Sermon Hijjatul widdah. First, we explain the current perspective of the Western philosophy of human rights and then explain the significance of human rights in Islam in the light of the Sermon Hijjatul widdah.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Explaining the current perspective of Western philosophy of human rights
3- Significance of human rights in Islam in the light of the Sermon Hajjatul Widdah.
- ✓ The Sermon is the direct way to equality for all
- ✓ A perfect route towards the right to respect and dignity
- ✓ A stagnant safeguard towards minority rights
- ✓ A pioneer towards women’s rights
- ✓ A prominent way towards a man’s right to property, inheritance, and wealth
- ✓ A steady path towards the right to life and security
- ✓A bodyguard towards social justice and Adl
5-Critical analysis
6-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Human rights are essential liberties and rights that every person has, guaranteeing tranquillity, esteem, and majesty. The Western understanding of human rights focuses on legitimate defence and discrete freedoms, particularly on secular and political rights. On the contrary, the Islamic viewpoint accentuates an overarching approach to human rights, stimulating the values of tranquillity, impartiality, and social liabilities, primarily as expressed in Muhammad’s (PBUH) last Sermon of Hijjatul Widdah. The speech demonstrates a thorough foundation for human rights consistent with social and moral ideals by highlighting the purity of life and property, women’s rights, economic fairness, religious liberties, and the significance of helping others in need.
Explaining the current perspective of Western philosophy of human rights
The perspective of Western philosophy presents a liberalism-based view of human rights that focuses on personal liberties, universal application, and the defence of secular and political rights. It discusses the arguments among relativity in culture, which contends that liberties should be interpreted considering cultural settings, and universalism, which perpetuates that rights apply to everyone. Values like social fairness, intersectionality, and worldwide citizenship are also included in current conversations, stimulating the urgency of variousness and inclusiveness while handling structural partialities and supporting underrepresented sectors.
Significance of human rights in Islam in the light of sermon Hajjatul Widdah.
- ✓ The Sermon is the direct way to equality for all
Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) last Sermon of Hajjatul Wida, which states that no one is loftier based on colour, creed or social status but only on sanctity and generosity, forcefully affirms the Islamic ideal of equity. For instance, the holy prophet said in his last Sermon: “All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also, a White has no superiority over a Black nor a Black has any superiority over a White except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing should be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly.” This message is an enduring prompting of Islam’s dedication towards human rights. It stimulates further endeavours for social fairness and tranquillity by challenging the social scale and advocating impartiality, integration, and just treatment for all people.
- ✓ A perfect route towards the right to respect and dignity
Moving ahead, by highlighting tranquillity regardless of ethnicity or socioeconomic standing, Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Farewell Sermon of Hajjatul Wida endorse everyone’s entitlement to self-esteem and majesty. The Prophet fosters a tradition of dignity and solidarity by arguing for the defence of individual liberties and harmonious dealings with women and other impoverished sectors. As Allah says in the Quran: Humans are worthy of respect because they are the only creation that chose to accept the freedom of the will” (33:72). This speech nurtures moral conduct and admiration for one another among society members by providing an impartial foundation for comprehending human liberties in Islam.
- ✓ A stagnant safeguard towards minority rights
Furthermore, Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) last Sermon of Hajjatul Wida points out fairness and sympathy for all people despite their origins, a solid defence of minority rights. The Prophet entrenched a strong direction for incorporation and self-esteem by explicitly calling for the preservation of the liberties of those who are unprotected, such as women and non-Muslims. For instance, the Prophet (PBUH) said, “Beware! Whoever is cruel and hard on a non-Muslim minority, curtails their rights, burdens them with more than they can bear, or takes anything from them against their free will, then I will complain against the person on the Day of Judgment” (Abu Dawud, volume 3, page 3, Darul Minhaj). This dedication is a permanent guide for advancing social tranquillity and fairness because it gives minority populations a feeling of safety and upholds the moral duty of Muslim society to protect each person’s liberties and majesty.
- ✓ A pioneer towards women’s rights
Moving down to the ladder, the last Sermon of the Prophet (PBUH) of Hajjatul Wida is a landmark Islamic statement about women’s rights. The Muhammad (PBUH) advocates gender egalitarianism and impartial treatment by perceiving women’s liberties and underlining the value of dealing with them with respect and care. For instance, the Prophet (PBUH) states in his last Sermon, “O People, it is true that you have certain rights about your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah’s trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right, then the right to be fed and clothed in kindness belongs to them. Treat your women well and be kind to them; they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with anyone you disapprove of, as well never to be unchaste.” Thus, this trailblazing position inspired contemporary campaigns for gender egalitarianism and established the groundwork for the endorsement of women in the preliminary Islamic society.
- ✓ A prominent way towards a man’s right to property, inheritance, and wealth
Moreover, by outlining principles for economic impartiality in Islam, Muhammad’s (PBUH) Sermon of Hajjatul Wida validates a man’s hold on wealth, property, and inheritance. In addition to excluding manipulation and usury, Muhammad (PBUH) focused on the value of private property, succession procedures, and moral monetary conduct. For instance, the prophet (PBUH) states in his last Sermon: “O People! Just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord and that he will indeed reckon your deeds.” Thus, Islamic principles on financial liberties are based on this dedication, which upholds individual property rights and stimulates societal liabilities.
- ✓ A steady path towards the right to life and security
Furthermore, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) displays an apparent trajectory to everyone’s right to life and security in his last Sermon. The Prophet highlighted the value of human life by unapproachable harm to others and reiterating that every individual has the right to life safety, safety, and protection. For instance, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said in his last Sermon: “O People! Verily, your lives and wealth are sacred and forbidden upon you until you meet your Lord, as sacred as this day and this month are.” A key component of Islamic principles on human liberties, this dedication upholds the moral duty to preserve the fragile and fosters a feeling of safety within society
- ✓A bodyguard towards social justice and Adl
Last but not least, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) made a powerful instance of social fairness and Adl in his previous Sermon. The Prophet put a sturdy focus on impartiality, tranquillity, and the preservation of individual liberties, irrespective of their heritage. For instance, the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Whosoever of you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do so, then [let him change it] with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart — and that is the weakest of faith.”(Sahih Muslim). He asked the society to provide self-esteem, sympathy and fairness to every individual and demanded that prejudice end. This dedication to impartiality serves as the foundation of Islamic principles, conducting strives toward a fairer society and laying the groundwork for social liability.
Critical analysis
The Western and Islamic perspectives on human rights debate are very distinct, yet each has merits of its own. The indemnity of the Western model contemplates both comprehensive and individual rights and liberties, with the embryonic racial surroundings to be ignored. Furthermore, from an Islamic standpoint, the last Sermon of Hijjatul Wida institutes the concept of communal connectivity and social duty. The Islamic approach places the multifaceted concept of human majesty at the core of the proposal for society’s well-being. Fostering individual majesty and esteem given by Islamic principles in the face of cultural variations and vindicating collective obligations should be part of the framework of human rights.
Conclusion
Both the Islamic and Western standpoints on human rights, which are unpreventable in life, show how important tranquillity is, how transcendent human majesty is, and how everyone has a shared duty for social well-being. The Islamic perspective, as expressed in the last Sermon (Hijjatul Wida), foregrounds social impartiality and societal viscidness. The Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) teachings on Fair Business Treatment (FBT) serve as a blueprint and demonstrate the value of a society built on a fundamental of sympathy and fairness. Integrating a Western perspective that aligns with Islamic principles might result in a comprehensive tenderness of human rights that values and respects racial variety while also encouraging self-esteem for the individual.
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