PMS 2022 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | The Social Structure of Islam from Khulafa-E-Rashideen
The following question of PMS Islamiat 2022 is solved by Khirman Batool, under the supervision of Howfiv’s coach, Miss Ayesha Irfan. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner has asked about the social system of Islam and its manifestation from the life of the pious Caliph of Islam.
The first part is an outline, breaking the question into different parts. Moving further, an Introduction is given, followed by an understanding of society and social system, then elaboration on the principles of the social system in Islam and a conclusion.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Understanding the society and social system
3-Principles of social system in Islam
- ✔Encouraging love and empathy among people
- ✔Providing rights to every person in the society
- ✔Empowering justice in the society
- ✔Igniting the unity and harmony in the society
- ✔Allocating freedom of religion in multi-religious society
- ✔Promoting morality in the society
3-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Islam has provided the world with the code of life, including the guidelines of social, political and economic systems for the society. In fact, man is a social animal who cannot live independently in society. So, to live a better life in society, man has to depend on others to meet his daily life requirements, which means man requires a society to live in. Therefore, after a society is formed, man needs a well-established social system, and Islam has given guidelines for a stable, well-integrated social system through which man can pave his feet towards prosperity. The principles include encouraging love and empathy among people, which would facilitate kindness among people to develop a better social circle around them. Moreover, Islam has given rights to every person in the society, and Caliph Umar has also stated that he is afraid of the rights of not only his people but also a dog who died due to thirst near the river. Also, Islam provides a rule of justice in society. All the principles of a social system that Islam has given have the capacity to make a well-integrated and calm society.
Understanding the society and social system
Man is a social animal, and to live in a society despite vast resources, he needs other people. There are roles for every man in society, like farmers, tailors, engineers, doctors, and others. When all the people work together in a way that all are interdependent on each other, it makes a society. To live in society, man requires a well-established and specific rule, making it easier to live in, and the rules are collectively called a social system.
Principles of social system in Islam
Islam, being deen, has provided its followers and all people with a particular set of principles for a prosperous social system, which would make the society an easy place to live in.
✔Encouraging love and empathy among people
The foremost principle Islam has focused on for a better society is encouraging love and empathy among them. When a society has focused on love and compassion, it reduces the chances of hate and violence. Moreover, empathy has helped men develop stronger relationships with others. Caliph Umar r.a. also focused on the principle in his reign, where his compassion and love for his people are demonstrated in his wandering at night to see if everyone in his reign is fine. Additionally, he has helped many poor families by providing them with food. So, Islam’s encouragement of love and empathy has helped to establish a better society.
✔Providing rights to every person in the society
Islam has also provided the fundamental rights to all the people. It has given rights to women in all their roles, including men, neighbors, travelers, traders, slaves, and all. The rights remained reserved in the Caliph Umar r.a. when he developed the pension system and assured widows, slaves, and orphans through a monthly stipend in the Islamic Treasury. Moreover, he has focused on the rights of travelers by building Wayfarer’s Rest House, so the traders and travelers can stay in them during their journey. So, by providing rights to every person in society, the Islamic social system would be prosperous.
✔Empowering justice in society
Islam has focused on the rule of law to hamper disputes in society. All four Caliphs have focused on justice. However, Hazarat Ali r.a., the fourth Caliph, was famous for his just decisions among people, imparting justice to all. Moreover, Hazrat Ali () strictly ordered his officers, administrators, and provincial governors to abide by justice. He punished and dismissed the corrupt administrators in his reign. And he told people that the justice that God is asking us to implement is not limited to our communities and our families. It extends to the outer society. I will give you a society that would have justice and prevent it from evils.
✔Igniting the unity and harmony in the society
Islam has also told us to live in a society with unity and harmony. It has told us to establish an air of brotherhood among the people of the society. After migration to Madina, the Holy Prophet PBUH demonstrated the bond of brotherhood among Ansar and Muhajir in Madina at Mawakhat-e-Madina. Moreover, even after the death of the Holy Prophet PBUH, Abou Bakar, the first Caliph, fought against Zakat deniers to ensure a sense of brotherhood among society, as zakat has been a means for helping the poor and creating harmony among people. Hazarat Umer r.a. has also continued its legacy by making society unite and develop harmony by developing Bait-ul-Maal and creating equal opportunities for all Muslims.
✔Allocating freedom of religion in multi-religious society
Islam has defended the rights of all people in society, so it has also given religious freedom to all. Holy Prophet PBUH has included it in the charter of Madina and implemented it in his life. Additionally, all four Caliphs have maintained the legacy. Hazrat Ali r.a. signed a treaty of Kufa with Christian leaders to provide autonomy, security, and freedom to practice their faith in Kufa. Similarly, after the conquest of Cyprus, Hazrat Usman allowed Christians to live with the freedom to practice their religion in the society. And by giving freedom of religion, Islam has provided the guideline to live peacefully in a multi-religious society.
✔Promoting morality in the society
Islam has given society a code of rules to set their moral values so one can live peacefully. And the rules are prohibition of theft, drinking, adultery, and many more. Also, it provides man with moral values that include generosity, kindness, and harmony. All the immoral activities have some punishments, which the Holy Prophet PBUH and the four Caliphates have implemented in their reign. Even the caliph Umar r.a. had punished his son with 40 lashes for drinking. This has demonstrated the strict rules of Islam against immorality to establish a society free from all crimes.
Conclusion
All in all, Islam is the deen of Allah, providing man with the guidelines for life. Providing guidelines for an integrated social system provides man with the chance to live in society peacefully. Islam has imparted a sense of brotherhood, unity, and harmony in society. Moreover, it emphasizes the rule of law and everyone’s rights. It has given the guidelines of a multi-religious society by providing man with freedom of religion. Above all, Islam has focused on moral values and established a reward and punishment system to abstain from the social evils that prevail in Islamic society.
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