CSS 2011 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | The Reasons of Disunity in Muslim Ummah
The following question of CSS Islamiat 2011 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner asked for an overview of disunity in Muslim Ummah. First, we explain the current situation of the Muslim Ummah, provide reasons for disunity and then describe the measures to maintain unity in the Muslim Ummah.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-An overview of the current scenario of Muslim Ummah
3- What are the reasons for disunity in Muslim Ummah?
- ✓ Sectarianism and Ideological Divisions
- ✓ Social and Cultural Differences
- ✓ Un-Islamic authoritarian rule
- ✓ Weak Educational Systems
- ✓ Disunity among Islamic scholars worldwide
4- What are the measures to maintain unity among the Muslim Ummah?
- ✓ By inculcating a true sense of Islamic teachings
- ✓ By reviving Islamic culture and civilization
- ✓ Unification of scholars
5-Critical analysis
6-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Despite having an opulence of resources, the Muslim Ummah scuffles with dissension in the modern world, which dampers its embryonic supremacy. A multiplex web of reticulate factors, such as ethnocentricity, intolerance, political manoeuvring, and an absence of mutual apprehension between diverse sectors, contribute to this disunity. To overcome these obstacles and build euphony, it is crucial to hearten candid communication and esteem amongst various sects, spotlighting similar principles and beliefs, supporting educational programs that nurture the idea of togetherness, and establishing forums for cooperation on mutual objectives. By fostering these initiatives, the Muslim Ummah may strive towards resolving differences and leveraging its manoeuvre for welfare.
An overview of the current scenario of Muslim Ummah
The contemporary state of the Muslim Ummah is marked by substantial splitting among the society because of the catastrophes in Yemen, Afghanistan, Syria, and Gaza. While Syria’s civil war is characterized by divided sectors and international intercede, the situation in Gaza is devastating not only for Gaza but also for other Muslim countries. Afghanistan is diffident under Taliban rule, and the international world is mainly extricated, while Yemen suffers from a calamitous magnanimous catastrophe because of the continuous discord. These incidents highlight how international affairs normally trump Muslim unity, making it arduous to counter effectively to the Ummah’s pressing issues.
What are the reasons for disunity in Muslim Ummah?
- ✓ Sectarianism and Ideological Divisions
Disparate elucidations of Islam, especially between Sunni and Shia populations, are the major origin of sectarianism and intellectual differences between the Muslim Ummah. Extremist reliance stimulates prejudice and barbarity, while ministerial exploit and historical grudges escalate these agitations. For instance, Allah says in the Quran: Indeed, you ˹O, Prophet˺, are not responsible whatsoever for those who have divided their faith and split into sects. Their judgment rests only with Allah. And He will inform them of what they used to do” (6:159). The Ummah’s unity is weakened by these urgencies of sectarian discerning over common values, which also makes it easier for other groups to take advantage of these differences for their personal gain.
- ✓ Social and Cultural Differences
Moving ahead, because different races, languages, and cultures produce different explanations and execution of Islam, social and cultural diversities play an essential role in the fragmentation between the Muslim Ummah. These distinctions may cause miscommunications and a failure to recognize the depth of the Ummah’s heterogeneity. Furthermore, religious aspects can occasionally be shrouded by cultural applications, leading to disagreements amongst groups that place a higher value on distinct traditions. For instance, the Quran states that: “O humanity, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted” (49:13). The Ummah’s capacity to put up a single voice in tackling basic issues may be hampered by this dispersal, which can cause a feeling of detachment among diverse groups and make it difficult to forge a unified specification and work together toward mutual objectives.
- ✓ Un-Islamic authoritarian rule
Moreover, un-Islamic dictatorship is a crucial constituent in the division of the Muslim Ummah because many Muslim-majority states are run through governments that repress demur and utilize reverent sentiments for political ends, which leads to dissatisfaction and estrangement between the population and allows dissident and indigenous divisions to be exploited. For instance, Allah says: “Indeed, Allah commands you to return trusts to their rightful owners; and when you judge between people, judge with fairness. What a noble commandment from Allah to you! Surely Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing” (4:58). The lack of egalitarian procedures and true delineation creates a feeling of partiality, further dividing the Ummah and compromising attempts to unite in addressing shared problems.
- ✓ Weak Educational Systems
Furthermore, because they restrict entrance to high-quality education and prioritize memorizing information like cramming over crucial intelligence, puny educational institutions play a major role in the division among the Muslim Ummah. This feeds bigotry and unconsciousness by producing misunderstandings and racial prejudices. For instance, the Quran states that: “Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees), those of you who believe and who have been granted (mystic) Knowledge” (58:11). It is also difficult to create a unified Muslim specification and work together to solve mutual problems since poor education frequently crashes to foster ideals of solidarity and social liability.
- ✓ Disunity among Islamic scholars worldwide
Moving down the ladder, parochialism, varying explications of Islamic principles, and governmental authorities, exceptionally in the Middle East, are the significant seeds of division between Islamic scholastic worldwide. For instance, Allah says in the Quran: “And hold firmly together to the rope of Allah and do not be divided. Remember Allah’s favour upon you when you were enemies, then He united your hearts, so you—by His grace—became brothers. And you were at the brink of a fiery pit, and He saved you from it. This is how Allah makes His revelations clear to you, so that you may be ˹rightly˺ guided” (3:103). These elements lead to misconceptions and impede cooperation, while unconsciousness and old grudges deepen differences. Interreligious discussion, academic changes, cooperative ventures, public knowledge crusades, and the backing of prominent society scholars are all necessary to foster integration.
What are the measures to maintain unity among the Muslim Ummah?
- ✓ By inculcating a true sense of Islamic teachings
Moving ahead, stimulating forbearance and esteem for heterogeneity among the Ummah nourishes the idea that all Muslims, despite their divergence, are a hunk of a single society bound by faith. For instance, Allah states: “The believers are but one brotherhood, so make peace between your brothers. And be mindful of Allah so you may be shown mercy” (49:10). Inculcating a true feeling of Islamic principles across extensive education that foregrounds elemental values like sympathy, impartiality, and comradeship helps bridge gaps and eliminate misconceptions. Society programs focused on common faiths and collective worship foster solidarity and peace.
- ✓ By reviving Islamic culture and civilization
Moreover, because it promotes a sense of solidarity and self-esteem in Islamic history, resuscitating Islamic culture and civilization is essential to safeguarding the Muslim Ummah. This may be consummated via fostering interethnic convocations, societal interchange, and the swotting of Islamic chronicle, the flair, and the sciences. For instance, Numan bin Bashir reported that the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (PBUH), said, “The believers in their mutual kindness, compassion and sympathy are just like one body. When one of the limbs suffers, the whole body responds to it with wakefulness and fever” (Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Muslims can overcome modern obstacles while maintaining historical specifications by incorporating Islamic etiquette into current affairs. The Ummah can foster a feeling of togetherness and belonging that surpasses intellectual and renegade divides by reviving and enjoying Islamic principles.
- ✓Unification of scholars
Last but not least, scholars should be united to promote integration throughout the Muslim Ummah. This may be achieved by arranging combined meetings to share thoughts, regulating concerted research and society initiatives to solve shared concerns, and engaging in bisect discourse to foster comprehension. For instance, the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Do not be divided, for the people before you were divided and perished. You must hold fast to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of your Prophet” (Sunan ibn Majah). Scholarly ties may be remoter buttressed by generating a uniform curriculum that emphasizes foundational Islamic epitomes like impartiality and sympathy while assimilating a variety of viewpoints. Scholars may resolve squabble, put up an integrated face, and underpin the Muslim fraternity by cooperating and collaborating.
Critical analysis
Regardless of having many options, the Muslim Ummah is experiencing friction and insulation because of legislative subterfuges, societal distinctions, partisanship, uneducated, economic inequality, and disinformation. Encouraging schools and inter-institutional relations, resorting to new approaches and strategies, collocating batches and individual educating tasks, and making the interchange of ideas between various sects a shared principle in society are all crucial for fostering harmony.
Conclusion
To conclude, the Muslim Ummah is the second biggest religion in the world and has a wealth of expedient, but still, it cannot develop because of its disunity. Recognizing the significant factors of the problem, such as sectarianism and disinformation, is essential to achieving this phenomenon, as stated in the Quran (3:103). Intersect communication, guidance, and intellectual exchanges should be incorporated into our programs. The Ummah may benefit from effective divulgence and teamwork technologies, enabling them to serve as a centre for global collaboration and sustainable development while upholding the Islamic values of tranquillity and togetherness.
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