CSS 2010 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | Role and Privileges of Man in Islam
The following question of CSS Islamiat 2010 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The question explores how Islam addresses the recognition of human value and dignity in today’s world. It focuses on the Islamic view of man’s role, such as being Ashraf al-Makhluqat and Khalifah, and the privileges Islam grants, including rights to life, dignity, and justice. The challenges that modern society faces, such as inequality and exploitation, are discussed in contrast to Islamic teachings. Examples from contemporary Islamic practices, such as charity, socio-economic reforms, and conflict resolution, highlight Islam’s role in upholding human dignity. The conclusion emphasises Islam’s relevance in promoting human rights and social justice today.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- Islamic Conception of Man’s Status and Role
- Man as Ashraf al-Makhluqat
- Man as Khalifah
- Free will and moral accountability
- Balance of privileges with responsibilities
3-Privileges Islam Grants to Humanity
- Right to life, dignity, and property
- Equality and non-discrimination
- Freedom of belief and conscience
- Right to justice and fair treatment
- Right to knowledge and education
- Economic justice and social welfare
4-Modern Challenges to Human Value and Dignity
5-Modern-Day Illustrations of Islam’s Role
- Islamic charitable organisations promoting human dignity
- Socio-economic reforms in Islamic welfare states
- Conflict resolution via Islamic peace frameworks
- Promotion of tolerance and coexistence via Prophetic diplomacy
6-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
In the contemporary world, one of the most pressing issues facing humanity is the neglect and erosion of man’s real value, purpose, and rights. Rapid industrialisation, materialism, and ideological confusion have overshadowed the true role of humanity, reducing individuals to mere economic or political entities. Amidst this identity crisis, Islam offers a comprehensive and divinely guided framework that not only defines man’s status as the noblest of all creations but also grants him unparalleled privileges balanced with responsibilities. By restoring spiritual consciousness, ethical values, and social justice, Islam stands as a beacon of hope, elevating human dignity and reestablishing man’s rightful role in the universe. In today’s scenario, the Islamic worldview remains deeply relevant to address modern human crises through its holistic and timeless principles.
Islamic Conception of Man’s Status and Role
In Islam, man is regarded as Ashraf al-Makhluqat (the noblest of creations), as stated in the Qur’an, “And We have certainly honoured the children of Adam…” (Qur’an 17:70). This highlights his intellectual and moral potential. As Khalifah (vicegerent) on Earth, man is entrusted with the responsibility to maintain justice and care for creation, as Allah says in the Qur’an (2:30), “I am going to place a vicegerent on Earth.” Although man is granted free will, he is held accountable for his actions (Qur’an 91:7-10), “And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness.” A practical example of this balance is the system of Zakat, where Muslims must give to those in need, ensuring that individual rights and social responsi
Privileges Islam Grants to Humanity
Right to Life, Dignity, and Property
Islam grants every individual the fundamental right to life, dignity, and property. The Qur’an clearly affirms this in the verse, “And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right…” (Qur’an 17:33). This emphasises the sanctity of life and the prohibition of unjust killing. Additionally, Islam provides protection for a person’s dignity and property, ensuring that no one is wronged or unjustly deprived of their rights.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Islam emphasises the equality of all human beings, regardless of race, ethnicity, or social status. The Qur’an states, “Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you” (Qur’an 49:13), highlighting that piety, not lineage or wealth, determines a person’s value. Islam advocates for the fair treatment of all people and opposes any form of racial or ethnic discrimination.
Freedom of Belief and Conscience
Islam provides individuals the freedom to choose their beliefs and conscience. The Qur’an says, “There is no compulsion in religion” (Qur’an 2:256), indicating that everyone has the right to follow their faith without coercion. This principle protects religious freedom, ensuring that people are not forced to adopt beliefs that contradict their own convictions.
Right to Justice and Fair Treatment
Islam upholds the principle of justice and fair treatment for all individuals. The Qur’an commands, “O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives” (Qur’an 4:135). Islam stresses that justice should be served impartially, without bias, whether the individual is rich or poor, powerful or weak.
Right to Knowledge and Education
In Islam, the pursuit of knowledge is not only encouraged but considered a religious obligation. The Qur’an begins with the word “Read” (Qur’an 96:1), highlighting the importance of seeking knowledge. Education, both religious and secular, is seen as a fundamental right and duty for both men and women in Islam.
Economic Justice and Social Welfare
Islam places great importance on economic justice and the welfare of society. The Qur’an establishes the principles of fair trade, prohibits usury (riba), and mandates the giving of Zakat to those in need. It ensures that wealth is distributed fairly and prevents it from being concentrated in the hands of a few.
Modern Challenges to Human Value and Dignity
In today’s world, human value and dignity are increasingly compromised due to various modern challenges. The rise of materialism, consumerism, and technological advancements often leads to the exploitation of individuals, degradation of ethical values, and a growing disregard for the sanctity of life. Issues such as poverty, inequality, racial discrimination, and human rights violations, along with the dehumanising effects of social media and technology, further erode the concept of human dignity. The pursuit of power, wealth, and status often takes precedence over respect for human life and equality. As a result, individuals find themselves trapped in cycles of exploitation and neglect, losing their sense of self-worth and purpose. Islam, however, stands as a counterbalance, advocating for the preservation of dignity and the recognition of the inherent value of every individual, regardless of social or economic status.
Modern-Day Illustrations of Islam’s Role
Islamic Charitable Organisations Promoting Human Dignity
Islamic charitable organisations play a pivotal role in promoting human dignity by addressing the basic needs of the marginalised and impoverished. The concept of charity (sadaqah) and the obligatory Zakat emphasise supporting those in need, ensuring that every individual is treated with dignity and respect. Organisations like the Islamic Relief Worldwide and Qatar Red Crescent provide humanitarian aid, medical assistance, education, and emergency relief, uplifting the dignity of people affected by poverty, conflict, or natural disasters. These institutions exemplify the Islamic teaching that every human being deserves compassion and care, regardless of their social standing or background.
Socio-Economic Reforms in Islamic Welfare States
Islamic welfare states, guided by principles found in the Qur’an and Sunnah, aim to ensure the well-being of every citizen through economic justice and social welfare. This includes systems like Zakat (charity), Waqf (endowment), and the prohibition of interest (riba), which promote wealth redistribution and social equality. Countries such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have incorporated these Islamic principles into their welfare programs, focusing on poverty alleviation, healthcare, and education. These reforms are designed to reduce the wealth gap and provide essential services to all, especially the marginalised.
Conflict Resolution via Islamic Peace Frameworks
Islam provides comprehensive frameworks for conflict resolution, emphasising dialogue, justice, and reconciliation. The Qur’an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) outline methods for resolving disputes peacefully, such as the use of shura (consultation) and fair arbitration. These principles have been employed in various international peace processes, where Islamic scholars and leaders have worked to mediate conflicts, promoting peaceful coexistence and respect for all parties. Islamic values of mercy, forgiveness, and justice provide a strong foundation for addressing the root causes of conflict and fostering long-term peace.
Promotion of Tolerance and Coexistence via Prophetic Diplomacy
The diplomacy and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) serve as a model for promoting tolerance and coexistence in a pluralistic world. The Prophet’s interactions with non-Muslims, as exemplified in the Constitution of Medina, exemplify a vision of peaceful coexistence where different faiths and communities lived harmoniously under the rule of justice. His diplomatic efforts were grounded in respect for human dignity and religious freedom, offering valuable lessons in tolerance, mutual respect, and the importance of upholding human rights. This approach remains relevant today as a model for resolving interfaith tensions and fostering peaceful relationships between diverse communities.
Conclusion
Islam has always recognised the value and dignity of humanity, and in today’s world, its teachings offer profound solutions to the challenges facing human rights and social justice. From charitable initiatives that uplift the underprivileged to socio-economic reforms that foster equality and justice, Islam plays a key role in addressing contemporary issues. Through its ethical principles, Islam advocates for peace, tolerance, and coexistence, as exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Islamic scholars throughout history. In a world often marked by conflict, inequality, and social fragmentation, Islam’s timeless wisdom remains an essential guide for restoring human dignity and achieving global peace and harmony.
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