CSS Current Affairs | Lessons for Pakistan to Enhance Climate Resilience
The following question of CSS Current Affairs is solved by Maryam Aqsa under the supervision of Howfiv’s Pakistan Affairs and Current Affairs Coaches. She learnt how to attempt 20 marks question and essay writing from Sir Syed Kazim Ali, Pakistan’s best CSS and PMS English essay and precis teacher with the highest success rate of his students. This solved past paper question is attempted on the pattern taught by Sir to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory and optional subjects for years, and uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- An Overview of the Climate Change in Pakistan
3- How can Pakistan’s Resilience Climate influenced by Learning Lessons from Other Countries
- ✓By Focusing the Infrastructure of the River to Manage the Flood’s Impact
- Evidence: The Netherlands controlled high waves of the sea by delta work.
- ✓By Introducing a Comprehensive and Sophisticated System to Alleviate the Impacts of Earth Quake
- Evidence: Japan focuses on advanced infrastructure to save the country from earthquakes.
- ✓By Incorporating Green Infrastructure to Mitigate Heat Wave
- Evidence: Singapore incorporating extensive green infrastructure to decrease the intensity of heat
- ✓By Adopting Advanced Agricultural techniques to grow crops with minimal water usage
- Evidence: Israel Using Advance Techniques to Grow Agriculture in Minimum Water
- ✓By Introducing an Air Pollution Control Model to Mitigate Smog and Dust
- Evidence: Norway is promoting electric vehicles to clean the atmosphere of dust
4- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Over time, new technologies have been developed to help control climate disasters and protect citizens from hazards. Pakistan should learn from developed countries on how to mitigate climate impacts. The report of the World Bank (2021) underscores Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate change, particularly emphasizing the risks of floods, droughts, and heatwaves. The disasters destroy homes, infrastructure, and agricultural land. Subsequently, local people lose their jobs, hazards affected people migrate to a place, children are deprived of their studies, and the state engages in fulfilling the basic requirements of people. That is, the country should take sagacious measures at any time to save the region from disasters. It adopts models from developed countries, like Japan, Netherlands, and Singapore; the country should focus on improving water infrastructure to control floods and take prudent steps to reduce pollution. So, Pakistan can mitigate the destruction caused by climate disasters.
An Overview of Pakistan’s Destruction Due to Disasters
Due to its rectangular shape, joining of the tectonic plates, and some anthropogenic factors, Pakistan has faced significant destruction from disasters. First, the high frequency of earthquakes has damaged the country’s infrastructure. People are forced to migrate to safer areas, disrupting the country’s systems and resulting in many deaths. The government becomes occupied with providing food and essential supplies to meet basic needs. Moreover, floods destroy infrastructure, and the government struggles to remove excess water. Stagnant water spreads diseases, and people face crises due to agricultural losses. Consequently, the economy suffers, and the country often requires foreign aid. Last but not least, rampant heat waves increase mortality rates; people experience physical disorders such as vomiting, diarrhoea, and organ diseases. Thus, the abnormal behaviour of the climate causes widespread disasters, affecting both the land and its people. Nevertheless, the government of Pakistan should focus on mitigating these impacts by learning from models of developed countries.
How can Pakistan’s Resilience Climate influenced by Learning Lessons from Other Countries
- ✓By Focusing the Infrastructure of the River to Manage the Flood’s Impact
Pakistan must focus on the infrastructure of waterbodies and managing flood systems. The country needs delta works and room for the river. Like, the Netherlands designed delta works in a series of dams, sluices, lakes, locks, dikes, and storm surge barriers designed to protect against sea flooding. Actually, delta work is a large gate, creating a barrier to control high waves when they rise abnormally and manage excess water. Pakistan can develop a comprehensive flood management system, especially in flood-prone areas like Punjab and Sindh, incorporating both technological and ecological solutions.
- ✓By Introducing a Comprehensive and Sophisticated System to Alleviate the Impacts of Earth Quake
Pakistan should introduce sophisticated systems to control earthquake disasters. For example, Japan- a country located near a trench that faces a large number of earthquakes- focuses on comprehensive and sophisticated systems. The country builds a long wall at the bank of water bodies, preventing excess water from entering the country. Moreover, The country constructed a large building with deep pillars inserted into the ground for protection. Pakistan is required to focus on the infrastructure, especially in those areas that are located on the tectonic plates, where earthquakes appear to have a greater number of earthquakes.
- ✓By Incorporating Green Infrastructure to Mitigate Heat Wave
Pakistan needs to grow more trees to mitigate the influence of heat waves. For instance, Singapore incorporates extensive green infrastructure into its urban planning, including green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban parks. The state also invests in innovative water management systems, such as rainwater harvesting and desalination plants. The green infrastructure purifies the environment’s pollution and controls heat waves to some extent by producing oxygen and absorbing CO2.
- ✓By Adopting Advanced Agricultural techniques to grow crops with minimal water usage
Pakistan produce best quality of rice, taking excess water to grow. Pakistan should to focus on advanced technical system for growing their agriculture. Such as, Israel’s agriculture is renowned for its water efficiency, utilizing advanced techniques such as drip irrigation and soil moisture sensors to maximize crop yields with minimal water use. Adopting these advanced agricultural techniques can help Pakistani farmers, especially in water-scarce regions, improve crop yields while conserving precious water resources.
- ✓By Introducing an Air Pollution Control Model to Mitigate Smog and Dust
Pakistan need to reduce air pollution for save their human life from smog. Norway has significantly reduced air pollution by promoting electric vehicles through incentives and an extensive charging network. The country use electric vehicles which do not emit black smoke which is harmful for human health. The country also relies heavily on renewable energy, particularly hydropower, and is investing in wind and solar power. Pakistan can introduce green technologies and strong public awareness and support for sustainability initiatives have further contributed to improved air quality.
Conclusion
Pakistan should learn lessons from the models of developed countries to mitigate and adapt to climate disasters. Adopting sustainable practices, investing in infrastructure, implementing effective disaster management strategies, and promoting environmental conservation are crucial steps. By leveraging the experiences and policies of developed nations in combating climate change, Pakistan can better protect its environment, communities, and economy from the impacts of climate disasters.
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