CSS Solved Pakistan Affairs Past Paper 2022 | Discuss the role of regional and nationalist parties in Pakistani politics. How far these parties are necessary for the political system?
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Question Breakdown
The examiner has asked two things
a. Role of regional and nationalist parties in Pakistani politics.
b. How far are these parties necessary for the political system
In the first part of the question, we should write about the role of regional and nationalist parties in Pakistani politics. Why is their role important, and what positive and negative impacts do they create in Pakistan’s politics at the broad canvas of social, political, and economic levels? In the second part of the question, we should write about the need and necessity of the presence of regional and nationalist parties in the political system by analysing their role critically.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- What are regional and nationalist parties
- ✓ Role in the Democracy
- ✓ Work on the principle of “Unity in Diversity.”
3- Role of regional and nationalist parties at the economic level
- ✓ Demand economic rights on regional resources
- ✓ Bring the attention of government towards provision of resources and necessities of life
- ✓ Example: Sui gas issue of regional interest
4- Role of regional and nationalist parties at the political level
- ✓ Influence bill passing in the House
- ✓ Work for the flourishment of democracy to the grass root level
- ✓ Example: Kalabagh dam- a political issue
5-Role of regional and nationalist parties at social level
- ✓ Ensure effective service delivery at educational and health institutes
- ✓ Plays role in national cohesion by cooperating with other parties
- ✓Example: Demand for social development of the Hazara community by providing health and education.
6- What are the issues that are hindering these regional and nationalist parties to play a more reformative role?
- ✓ Cause political instability due to unnecessary protests and corruption.
- ✓ Give rise to the feeling of regionalism for their political interests.
- ✓ Work to propagate extremism
7- How are these parties necessary for the political system?
- ✓These parties are necessary for bringing national cohesion and good governance by
- Bringing representation and increasing national cohesion by representing every ethnic group.
- Communicating the grievances and needs of the locals to the government
- Increasing public participation and political awareness, and raising voices if their advantage is being compromised.
- Keeping a check and balance on government policies
8- How political system can be improved by improving regional and nationalist parties?
- ✓ Develop less developed areas to spread awareness and promote a culture of democracy.
- ✓ Strict action against hateful and separatist speech to avoid the feeling of regionalism
- ✓ Properly addressing the true concerns of these parties for political prosperity.
9- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
In the era of diversity and disparity in terms of ethnic groups, geography, religion, and other differences, it is challenging to govern all people without their participation. Regional and nationalist parties are a group of people who collectively work for active participation in the political system for regional and national gains. These parties boost the spirit of democracy. By representing all different groups, they work on the principle of “unity in diversity”. In the case of Pakistan, regional and nationalist parties can be seen to have both a positive and a negative role in political matters. These parties are necessary for the smooth functioning at the economic, social and political levels and these parties are necessary for good governance and national cohesion in the political system of Pakistan. By working on various areas, the role of these parties can be made effective in the political system of Pakistan.
What are regional and nationalist parties?
A group of leaders joins hands to form a party that is based on the collective interest of the people of that group. This group ensures the political participation of a diverse group of people in the political system intending to benefit the region or, specifically, the group. These groups, on behalf of the whole region, then communicate their concerns to the higher authorities.
- ✓ Role in Democracy
When public say about political matters of the government increases, the culture of democracy flourishes. They speak for their rights, and their collective problems to the government to get their matters resolved. Hence, regional and nationalist parties are important for the democracy of a country.
- ✓ Working on the principle of Unity in Diversity
When diverse groups speak up for their rights and their rights are secured, they become more engaging and cooperative. Having equal representation of all, the feelings of envy, resentment, and hatred are removed from the people, and they become more unified. They cooperate for the benefit of the whole nation. Thus, the spirit of unity in diversity flourishes with the effective role of these parties.
Role of Regional and Nationalist parties at the economic level
Regional and nationalist parties are crucial for the economic development of the region. These parties keep an eye on regional resources and ensure maximum benefit. If these resources are exploited, they come forward and speak for their rights. they ensure that regional resources benefit their region. An example is the Sui gas issue, where regional parties demanded their rights to regional resources.
They also convey economic concerns and vows to the government. They communicate the need for resources and necessities of life to bring the attention of the government towards the provision of these resources. Thus, these parties play an effective role in the economic development of the region.
Role of Regional and Nationalist parties at the political level
Necessary for democracy and participation at the grass root level. Regional parties ensure the representation of diverse groups. These parties ensure that the government is for the benefit of the people by solving the concerns of locals. These parties influence the activities of MNAs and MPAs of the region in the houses to pass bills related to regional progress. This works for the flourishment of democracy and say in political activities reach the grass root level. For example, regional parties stood for regional interests in the region of KPK in the case of the Kalabagh dam formation.
Role of Regional and Nationalist parties at the social level
Regional and nationalist parties play their role in better service delivery of educational and health institutes. They work for the provision of resources needed to maintain the efficient functioning of these institutes.
These diverse groups, when heard and meet their demands, work in cooperation with each other. Peace and satisfaction among the masses dominate society, and this results in national cohesion; thus, to maintain harmony within the country and to work on the social development of the society, these parties play a major role. For example, regional parties of the Haraza region demand better educational and health facilities for the Hazara community.
What are the issues that are hindering these regional and nationalist parties from playing a more reformative role?
The role of regional and nationalist parties becomes harmful to the region and the state if the personal interests of the leaders or the party’s political interests get dominant over the collective interests of the public. These parties play a negative role as follows
- ✓ Cause political instability due to unnecessary protests and corruption
Sometimes, due to their interests, these parties mobilize the masses and organize unnecessary protests. These protests cause political instability in the country. They misuse their power to get benefits by playing the ‘protest’ card. Thus, these parties harm the nation.
- ✓ Give rise to the feeling of regionalism for their political interests
To get extra favours, they raise feelings of separatism and regionalism among the masses. They convince the masses with separatist ideology and aggression. Thus they misuse power to distract the vision of the public.
- ✓ Work to propagate extremism
Due to extremist leaders or external involvement, these parties sometimes propagate extremism and manipulate the sentiments of the group of people. They cause feelings of unrest within the whole country.
How these parties are necessary for the political system?
Regional and nationalist parties are necessary for a strong political system because it is necessary to cater to the concerns of all diverse groups for good governance and national cohesion. Thus, these parties are necessary for good governance and national cohesion by playing their part in the political system as follows
- ✓ Bring representation and increase national cohesion by representing every ethnic group
These parties speak on behalf of the interest of the group of people and represent them. These parties take care of the needs of people and ensure their participation in political matters that are related to them. They communicate the needs, concerns, and problems faced by the region/group and help with suggestions to shape an effective strategy to solve their problems. By the equal representation of all the groups, harmony and cohesion can be maintained.
- ✓ Communicate the grievances and needs of the locals to the government
These parties act as a channel to highlight concerns in all matters and provide a platform to communicate their concerns to the higher authorities. They communicate the needs, concerns, and problems faced by the region/group and help with suggestions to shape an effective strategy to solve their problems.
- ✓ Increase public participation and political awareness, and raises voices if their advantage is being compromised
These parties spread awareness about the political matters of the country and ensure political participation from the public. They keep an eye on the policies of the government and highlight the concerns if their advantage is being compromised. Thus, these parties help boost the idea of good governance.
How political system can be improved by improving regional and nationalist parties?
- ✓ It is often seen that the feudal structure dominates these parties. The solution to eradicating this problem is to develop less developed areas to spread awareness and promote a culture of democracy. This can be done by bringing education and socio-economic development to the less developed regions.
- ✓ These parties can misuse their power to spread the sentiments of regionalism and separatism. The solution to this problem can be to take strict action against hateful and separatist speech to avoid such irrational sentiments.
- ✓ There should be a mechanism to check if the concerns are real, and the government should properly address the true concerns of these parties for political prosperity.
Conclusion
The sum and substance of the above discussion are that regional and nationalist parties are necessary for the economic, political, and social interests of the region. These parties play a major role in the political participation of the locals, communicating their needs and concerns to the government and keeping an eye on government policies. However, their negative role can be seen in the Pakistani political system by conducting unnecessary protests, enhancing the sentiments of separatism, propagating extremism, and misusing their powers for political interests. On the broader canvas, these parties are necessary for good governance and national cohesion which is why, by taking necessary steps, the role of these parties in the political system can be made effective.
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