CSS 2012 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | Different Sources of Shariah
The following question of CSS Islamiat 2012 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner has asked for a comprehensive overview of Shariah and its different sources. In this question, we describe what Sharia is, its significance, and its sources in Islam.
Outline
1-Introduction
2- Debunking the terminology of Shariah in Islam
3- the significance of Shariah in Islam
4- Different sources of Sharia
A-Primary sources
- ✓Quran
- ✓Sunnah
B-Secondary sources
- ✓Ijmah(consensus)
- ✓Qyas(analogy)
- ✓ Ijtihad
5- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Derived from the fundamental teachings of Islam, Shariah, also known as Islamic law, is an overarching legitimate and moral structure that regulates Muslims’ lives. The Sunnah, which includes the teachings and behaviours of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the Quran, the consecrated narrative regarded as Allah’s revelation, are Shariah’s primary sources. Shariah is also regulated by Qiyas, which uses analogy to solve modern problems, and Ijma, or the consensus of Islamic scholars. In Islam, these resources are combined to offer a flexible and vigorous legitimate substructure that promotes social impartiality, moral behaviour, and communal well-being.
Debunking the terminology of Shariah in Islam
In Islam, Sharia is crucial to clarify common misunderstandings that frequently misrepresent implementation. Shariah is a diverse and correspondently elucidated substructure influenced by a variety of traditional, factual, and religious factors, in contrast to the notion that it is a unified legal system that is administered consistently throughout all Muslim nations. Shariah is sometimes depicted as a strict system that only focuses on disciplinary measures, but it really contains a broad moral and spiritual structure that prioritizes impartiality, sympathy, and the well-being of society.
Significance of Shariah in Islam
Shariah is very momentous in Islam because it provides a rigorous structure that directs Muslims’ moral, ethical, and legal behaviour in all spheres of life, including social interactions, personal conduct, and governance. Shariah, which has its roots in the Quran and the Sunnah, endorse Muslims’ spiritual identity while encouraging fair-mindedness, sympathy, and accountability in society. Addressing social issues like impoverishment and inconsistency promotes communal support and philanthropic giving, which nourishes human solidity. Thus, Shariah is crucial in forming ethical and moral substructures and directing them toward social impartiality and moral behaviour.
Different sources of Sharia
A-Primary sources
- ✓Quran
As the cornerstone of Islamic law and the source of Muslim directions, the Quran is one of the foremost sources of Shariah. The Qur’an, which is acknowledged as the words of Allah that were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, contains a wide range of moral panorama that deal with multiple facets of life, including ethicality, reverence, social impartiality, and the constitution. Its verses provide unequivocal instructions and ethical and moral principles that influence Muslims’ reliance and behaviours, underpinning individual behaviour and interpersonal relationships. As Allah says in the Quran,” Now We have set you ˹O, Prophet˺ on the clear Way of faith. So, follow it, and do not follow the desires of those who do not know the truth” (45:18). Thus, the Quran pursues to stimulate and direct people for a moral existence because of its exquisite language, profound consequences, and emphasis on impartiality and compassion.
- ✓Sunnah
Furthermore, One of the prime sources of Shariah is the Sunnah, which supports the Quran by offering a valuable substructure for situating Islamic principles into practice. It represents what Muslims follow daily and includes the Hadith, customs, and ratification of the Prophet Muhammad. The Sunnah explains and expands upon the precepts found in the Quran, providing background information and direction on various topics such as interpersonal relations, moral behaviour, and rites. As Allah says in the Quran:” Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example for whoever has hope in Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah often” (33:21). Thus, Sunnah is the key source of Sharia because sunnah Muslims gain comprehensive knowledge about the concerns or conduct of everyday life.
B-Secondary source
- ✓Ijma(consensus)
Moreover, consensus, or Ijma, is considered a secondary source of Shariah and crucial to forming Islamic law. In response to unique situations or difficulties not mainly covered in the Quran or Sunnah, it refers to the consensus of knowledgeable Islamic scholars on a specific legitimate matter or decision, representing a cohesive elucidation of Islamic principles. The Hadith of Muhammad, which states that “Allah will ensure my ummah will never collude en-masse upon the error”, has been mentioned in the books of Tirmidhi, ibn-Majah, and Darimi. This is often quoted as the primary proof of Ijma from the Hadith. Thus, Ijma acts as a precaution to ensure that Islam’s moral and legal code is current and flexible throughout time, enabling the consolidation of scholastic knowledge and popular wisdom.
- ✓Qiyas(analogy)
Moving down the ladder, one of the secondary sources of Shariah, Qiyas, or analogy, is comparing confirmed judgments from the Quran and Sunnah with unique circumstances or problems for which the Quran and Sunnah do not provide clear direction. By finding parallels in the elementary causes or settings, this approach enables academics to apply established legitimate ideas to current situations. For instance, an example of the use of Qiyas is the case of the ban on selling or buying goods after the last call for Friday prayers until the end of the prayer stated in the Quran 62:9. Thus, the foundation of Qiyas is the idea that if a resolution is drained from the Qur’an or Sunnah in each situation, it may be applied to a new situation with like facts.
- ✓ Ijtihad
Last but not least, Ijtihad is the procedure by which skilled and capable intellectuals use their judgment to extract ethical and legitimate culmination from the Qur’an and Sunnah, the two primary sources of Shariah, especially in the absence of an express directive. Scholars use ijtihad to examine current and unique issues and difficulties, applying Islamic principles to novel situations while ensuring their interpretations align with the fundamental teachings of Islam. Islamic jurisprudence may adapt to changing societal demands thanks to this method. As Allah says in Quran:” And (remember) Dawud (David) and Sulaiman (Solomon) when they gave judgement in the case of the field in which the sheep of certain people had pastured at night, and We were witness to their judgement” (surah anbiyah:78). Thus, ijtihad is a crucial idea in Islamic law that ensures its applicability and adaptability to the intricacies of contemporary life while also adhering to the fundamental principles of Islam.
Conclusion
Based mainly on the Qur’an and the Sunnah, Shariah is an overarching collection of directives for Muslims about their virtuous, social, and legitimate behaviour. In addition to shoring up the well-being of society within the community, it is essential to foster impartiality and compassion and guide people in their interpersonal and social interactions. The primary sources of Shariah are the Qur’an and the Sunnah, which supply the essential principles of the religion; the secondary sources are Ijma, Qiyas, and Ijtihad, which keep up with modern substitutes and solicitation. Ijtihad, or reasoning by analogy, and Qiyas, or antecedent reasoning, are used to build and elaborate the substructure of the Shariah lawful system utilizing the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
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