This article comprehensively overviews the most important women and feminism terminologies crucial for CSS and PMS aspirants. Learning to write them will enable aspirants to navigate complex political concepts effectively.
Learning to write subject terminologies is always essential for competitive exam students, especially CSS and PMS. This practice gives aspirants a deeper understanding of complex concepts, ultimately helping them articulate their thoughts clearly. Learning to write these terms appropriately not only enhances comprehension but also equips aspirants to engage effectively with exam essays. For example, in fields like political economy, acquaintance with terms such as “globalization” and “trade barriers” helps aspirants confidently analyze and debate relevant issues. After learning these terminologies, aspirants can tackle exam questions more adeptly because they can apply these terms contextually, demonstrating their knowledge and critical thinking skills. Therefore, learning subject-specific terminology is not just about learning words or vocabulary; it’s all about improving exam scores.
I have compiled the following terminologies from various reputable sources: dictionaries, websites, books, and magazines. This compilation is intended to aid my students in enhancing their vocabulary and effectively articulating their thoughts in essays, whether for compulsory or optional subjects.
Important Women and Feminism Terminologies
| Woman |
| A female human adult. |
| Femininity |
| The qualities or attributes considered characteristic of women. |
| Girl |
| A female child. |
| Lady |
| A polite term for a woman. |
| Gender |
| A social construct related to masculinity and femininity. |
| Mother |
| A woman who has given birth to a child. |
| Wife |
| A woman who is married. |
| Daughter |
| A female child. |
| Sister |
| A female sibling. |
| Aunt |
| The sister of one’s parent or the wife of one’s uncle. |
| Menstruation |
| The monthly shedding of the uterine lining in women. |
| Menopause |
| The cessation of menstruation. |
| Pregnancy |
| The state of carrying a developing fetus in the uterus. |
| Birth |
| The process of giving birth to a child. |
| Breastfeeding |
| The act of feeding a baby with breast milk. |
| Girl’s Education |
| Education for girls. |
| Women in the Workplace |
| Women who are employed. |
| Glass Ceiling |
| An invisible barrier that prevents women from advancing in their careers. |
| Work-Life Balance |
| The balance between work and personal life. |
| Women’s Rights |
| The rights and freedoms that women are entitled to. |
| Feminism |
| A movement advocating for women’s rights. |
| Suffrage |
| The right to vote. |
| Gender Equality |
| The belief that all people, regardless of gender, should have equal rights and opportunities. |
| Domestic Violence |
| Violence that occurs within a family. |
| Reproductive Health |
| The health of women related to their reproductive organs. |
| Maternal Mortality |
| The death of a woman during or within 42 days of childbirth. |
| Breast Cancer |
| A malignant growth in the breast tissue. |
| Ovarian Cancer |
| A malignant growth in the ovary. |
| Cervical Cancer |
| A malignant growth in the cervix. |
| Gender Roles |
| The socially expected behaviors of men and women. |
| Gender Stereotypes |
| Oversimplified beliefs about the characteristics of men and women. |
| Gender-Based Violence |
| Violence directed at a person because of their gender. |
| Gender Pay Gap |
| The difference in earnings between men and women for the same work. |
| Women’s Economic Empowerment |
| Empowering women to participate fully in the economy. |
| Microfinance |
| Providing financial services to low-income individuals and small businesses. |
| Women Entrepreneurship |
| Women who start and run their own businesses. |
| Gender Budgeting |
| The process of ensuring that gender equality is considered in the allocation of resources. |
| Marie Curie |
| A Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. |
| Rosa Parks |
| An American civil rights activist who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. |
| Malala Yousafzai |
| A Pakistani activist for female education who was shot by the Taliban. |
| Emmeline Pankhurst |
| A British suffragette who fought for women’s right to vote. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt |
| An American diplomat and activist who championed human rights. |
| Womanhood |
| The state of being a woman. |
| Motherhood |
| The state of being a mother. |
| Beauty |
| The quality of being attractive. |
| Figure |
| The shape of a person’s body. |
| Girlfriend |
| A female friend who is romantically involved with someone. |
| Sisterhood |
| A bond between women. |
| Matriarchy |
| A society ruled by women. |
| Patriarchy |
| A society ruled by men. |
| Domestic Partnership |
| A legal relationship between two people who are not married. |
| Body Image |
| A person’s perception of their own body. |
| Beauty Standards |
| Societal expectations about how women should look. |
| Suffragette |
| A woman who fought for women’s right to vote. |
| Women’s Liberation Movement |
| A social and political movement advocating for women’s equality. |
| Second Wave Feminism |
| A feminist movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. |
| Third Wave Feminism |
| A feminist movement that emerged in the 1990s. |
| Feminist Theory |
| A body of theories that analyze gender inequality. |
| Women in Politics |
| Women who hold political office. |
| Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) |
| Infections that are transmitted through sexual contact. |
| Body Positivity |
| A movement that promotes acceptance of all body types. |
| Eating Disorders |
| Mental health conditions characterized by abnormal eating behaviors. |
| Mental Health |
| The general well-being of a person’s mind. |
| Women’s Health Services |
| Services that address the specific health needs of women. |
| Women’s Rights |
| The rights and freedoms that women are entitled to. |
| Sexual Harassment |
| Unwanted sexual advances or behavior. |
| Sex Trafficking |
| The recruitment, transportation, or harboring of persons for the purpose of forced labor or sexual exploitation. |
| Child Marriage |
| The marriage of a child before the age of 18. |
| Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) |
| A harmful practice that involves the partial or total removal of the female genitalia. |
| Work-Life Balance |
| The balance between work and personal life. |
| Flextime |
| A flexible work schedule that allows employees to choose their own working hours. |
| Telecommuting |
| Working from home or another remote location. |
| Gender Diversity |
| The presence of people of different genders in a workplace. |
| Inclusive Workplace |
| A workplace that values diversity and creates a welcoming environment for all employees. |
| Feminism |
| A movement advocating for women’s rights. |
| Gender Equality |
| The belief that all people, regardless of gender, should have equal rights and opportunities. |
| Patriarchy |
| A system of society in which men hold primary power and privileges. |
| Misogyny |
| Hatred or prejudice against women. |
| Sexism |
| Discrimination or prejudice based on a person’s sex. |
| First Wave Feminism |
| A feminist movement that emerged in the 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily focused on women’s suffrage. |
| Second Wave Feminism |
| A feminist movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on issues such as reproductive rights, workplace equality, and social justice. |
| Third Wave Feminism |
| A feminist movement that emerged in the 1990s, emphasizing diversity and challenging traditional gender roles. |
| Fourth Wave Feminism |
| A contemporary feminist movement that focuses on issues such as intersectionality, online harassment, and body positivity. |
| Postfeminism |
| A perspective that suggests that feminism has achieved its goals and is no longer relevant. |
| Liberal Feminism |
| A feminist theory that emphasizes individual rights and equality under the law. |
| Radical Feminism |
| A feminist theory that argues that patriarchy is the root of all oppression. |
| Socialist Feminism |
| A feminist theory that emphasizes the connection between gender inequality and class inequality. |
| Black Feminism |
| A feminist theory that focuses on the unique experiences of Black women. |
| Intersectional Feminism |
| A feminist theory that recognizes the interconnectedness of various social and political identities. |
| Gender Pay Gap |
| The difference in earnings between men and women for the same work. |
| Glass Ceiling |
| An invisible barrier that prevents women from advancing in their careers. |
| Reproductive Rights |
| The right of women to control their own bodies and reproductive choices. |
| Domestic Violence |
| Violence that occurs within a family. |
| Sexual Harassment |
| Unwanted sexual advances or behavior. |
| Suffragette Movement |
| A movement that fought for women’s right to vote. |
| Women’s Liberation Movement |
| A social and political movement advocating for women’s equality. |
| Anti-Violence Movement |
| A movement that seeks to prevent and address violence against women. |
| Body Positivity Movement |
| A movement that promotes acceptance of all body types. |
| Me Too Movement |
| A movement that raises awareness of sexual harassment and assault. |
| Gender Roles |
| The socially expected behaviors of men and women. |
| Gender Identity |
| A person’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else. |
| Susan B. Anthony |
| A leading suffragette in the United States. |
| Emmeline Pankhurst |
| A British suffragette who fought for women’s right to vote. |
| Rosa Parks |
| An American civil rights activist who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. |
| Gloria Steinem |
| An American feminist writer and activist. |
| Malala Yousafzai |
| A Pakistani activist for female education who was shot by the Taliban. |
| Postcolonial Feminism |
| A feminist theory that analyzes the intersection of gender and colonialism. |
| Ecofeminism |
| A feminist theory that examines the connection between environmental degradation and gender inequality. |
| Queer Feminism |
| A feminist theory that challenges traditional notions of gender and sexuality. |
| Disability Feminism |
| A feminist theory that focuses on the experiences of women with disabilities. |
| Transfeminism |
| A feminist theory that addresses the issues faced by transgender women. |
| Body Shaming |
| The practice of criticizing or making fun of someone’s appearance. |
| Online Harassment |
| The use of technology to harass or threaten someone. |
| women. |
| Feminist Art Movement |
| A movement that uses art to challenge gender stereotypes and promote women’s empowerment. |
| Feminist Film Movement |
| A movement that explores feminist themes through film. |
| Gender Stereotypes |
| Oversimplified beliefs about the characteristics of men and women. |
| Gender Expression |
| The way a person expresses their gender identity through their appearance and behavior. |
| Simone de Beauvoir |
| A French philosopher, writer, and feminist. |
| Audre Lorde |
| An American poet, writer, and civil rights activist. |
| Bell Hooks |
| An American feminist author and social critic. |
| Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |
| A Nigerian novelist and feminist writer. |
| Tarana Burke |
| The founder of the #MeToo movement. |
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