CSS 2010 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | Traditional and Rational Arguments about the Faith of Resurrection
The following question of CSS Islamiat 2010 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
This question requires discussing both traditional and rational (‘Aqli) arguments for the belief in Resurrection, using Qur’anic verses, Hadith, and logical reasoning like divine justice and nature. It also asks how this belief helps build an organised society by promoting morality, justice, responsibility, and social harmony. A balanced answer should connect faith in the Hereafter with its practical impact on ethical and collective life.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Understanding the Faith in Resurrection (Iman bil-Ma’ad)
3-Traditional (Naqli) Arguments for the Faith of Resurrection
- Quranic Evidence
- Hadith Evidence
- Examples from the Prophetic Era
4- Rational (‘Aqli) Arguments for the Faith of Resurrection
- Argument from Divine Justice
- Argument from the Cycle of Life and Nature
- Human Intellect and Conscience
5- The Role of the Faith in Resurrection in Establishing an Organised Society
- Moral Accountability and Ethical Behaviour
- Promotion of Justice and Social Balance
- Development of Responsible Citizenship
- Inspiration for Sacrifice and Selflessness
- Suppression of Tyranny and Crime
- Strengthening Legal and Judicial Ethics
6- Contemporary Relevance of Faith in Resurrection
7- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Belief in Resurrection (Iman bil-Ma’ad) is a fundamental tenet of Islam that shapes a Muslim’s moral and social outlook. Grounded in both revelation and reason, it emphasises life after death, accountability, and divine justice. Traditional sources, such as the Qur’an and Hadith, provide vivid descriptions of the Hereafter, while rational arguments support this concept through the lens of justice and natural cycles. This belief fosters responsibility, ethical conduct, and social discipline, ultimately contributing to the formation of an organised and morally upright society.
Understanding the Faith in Resurrection (Iman bil-Ma’ad)
The belief in Resurrection (Iman bil-Ma’ad) refers to the firm conviction that all human beings will be resurrected after death for judgment by Allah Almighty. It is one of the six fundamental articles of faith in Islam and plays a vital role in shaping a Muslim’s moral and spiritual life. This belief reinforces the idea that life is not meaningless and that all actions will be accounted for. The Qur’an frequently reminds believers of the Day of Judgment to keep them conscious of their deeds. Allah says, “And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be wronged.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:281). Thus, belief in Resurrection instils a sense of accountability and purpose in life.
Traditional Arguments for the Faith of Resurrection
• Quranic Evidence
The Qur’an provides numerous verses affirming the reality of Resurrection, presenting it as a fundamental truth. One powerful example is found in Surah Yaseen, “Does man not see that We created him from a sperm-drop, then at once he is a clear adversary? And he presents to us an example and forgets his own creation. He says, ‘Who will give life to bones while they are disintegrated?’ Say, ‘He will give them life who produced them the first time.’” (Surah Yaseen, 36:77–79). This verse directly addresses those who deny the resurrection by pointing to the Creator’s ability to give life in the first place as evidence of His power to raise the dead.
• Hadith Evidence
The Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) provides further confirmation of Resurrection. In a Hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah (RA), the Prophet (PBUH) said, “The first to be clothed on the Day of Resurrection will be Abraham…” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3349). This and many other narrations detail the events of the Day of Judgment, including the resurrection of the dead, the gathering of all souls, and the accounting of deeds. These descriptions from Hadith strengthen the believer’s understanding and certainty regarding the Hereafter.
• Examples from the Prophetic Era
Prophets were often given signs to affirm divine truths, including the Resurrection. One notable example is the story of Prophet Ibrahim (AS), who asked Allah how He brings the dead back to life. Allah instructed him to slaughter four birds, place their parts on different hills, and call them back. Instantly, the birds returned to life and flew to him (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:260). This event not only reassured Prophet Ibrahim but also serves as a timeless sign of Allah’s power to bring the dead back to life.
Rational (‘Aqli) Arguments for the Faith of Resurrection
• Argument from Divine Justice
Rationally, belief in Resurrection is necessary to uphold the concept of divine justice. In this world, many wrongdoers escape punishment, and many righteous individuals suffer unjustly. Without a final judgment, this imbalance would remain unresolved. Resurrection ensures that ultimate justice will prevail, where every soul will be rewarded or punished based on its deeds. As the Qur’an states, “Do you think that We created you without purpose, and that you would not be brought back to Us?” (Surah Al-Mu’minun, 23:115). The logical necessity for divine justice affirms the reality of the Hereafter.
• Argument from the Cycle of Life and Nature
Nature itself offers clear signs of resurrection. The earth, barren in winter, comes back to life in spring with vegetation and greenery—an analogy used in the Qur’an, “And among His signs is that you see the earth barren; but when We send down upon it rain, it stirs and grows. Indeed, He who gives it life is the Giver of life to the dead.” (Surah Fussilat, 41:39). This natural resurrection every year testifies to the Creator’s ability to revive life after death.
• Human Intellect and Conscience
Human reason and conscience also point toward life after death. The human soul inherently seeks justice, purpose, and immortality. Philosophers and thinkers across civilisations have acknowledged this yearning. The fact that humans possess moral consciousness, make ethical decisions, and differentiate right from wrong reflects an inner belief in ultimate accountability. Even without religious texts, the logic of an afterlife aligns with the human psyche and intellect.
The Role of Faith in Resurrection in Establishing an Organised Society
• Moral Accountability and Ethical Behaviour
Belief in Resurrection cultivates a strong sense of personal accountability, encouraging individuals to act ethically even when no one is watching. A person who believes in answering to Allah for every action refrains from deceit, injustice, and immorality. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “A believer is not one who eats his fill while his neighbour goes hungry.” (Sunan al-Kubra). This saying reflects the deep ethical consciousness rooted in belief in the Hereafter.
• Promotion of Justice and Social Balance
Resurrection reinforces justice by reminding individuals that worldly power and wealth are temporary, and everyone will stand equally before Allah. It curbs tendencies toward oppression and promotes fairness. Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA), during his caliphate, would say, “If a mule stumbles in Iraq, I fear I will be asked about it.” His deep belief in divine accountability led him to uphold justice at every level of governance.
• Development of Responsible Citizenship
The belief in an afterlife nurtures citizens who care for public welfare and fulfil their civic duties with sincerity. A Muslim who knows he is answerable to Allah avoids corruption and betrayal. As the Qur’an states, “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice.” (Surah An-Nisa, 4:58). This divine command lays the foundation for responsible citizenship.
• Inspiration for Sacrifice and Selflessness
Belief in eternal reward inspires believers to make personal sacrifices for the greater good. Acts of charity, social service, and selfless help are performed to gain Allah’s pleasure in the Hereafter. During the Battle of Tabuk, many companions donated all their wealth for the cause of Islam, driven solely by their faith in the reward of the Hereafter.
• Suppression of Tyranny and Crime
Resurrection serves as a moral deterrent against crime and tyranny. Even when worldly laws fail, the fear of divine judgment keeps individuals from wrongdoing. Allah says, “Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection.” (Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:185). This constant reminder suppresses criminal behaviour and reinforces moral restraint.
• Strengthening of Legal and Judicial Ethics
The belief has a deep influence on the justice system in an Islamic society, such as in the Resurrection. Judges, rulers, and authorities operate with the awareness that they too will be judged by Allah. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned, “The most unjust of people on the Day of Judgment will be a ruler who was oppressive.” (Sahih Muslim). Thus, this faith strengthens ethical governance and fair adjudication.
Contemporary Relevance of Faith in Resurrection
In today’s world, where materialism, moral relativism, and injustice prevail, belief in Resurrection offers a powerful counter-narrative. It restores the concept of ultimate justice and gives meaning to life’s trials. For modern Muslims, it acts as a source of patience during hardship and a motivator for ethical living. The increasing rates of depression, greed, and social chaos stem from the denial of accountability. Reviving this belief can restore moral clarity and rebuild societies based on justice, empathy, and purpose.
Conclusion
The belief in Resurrection, deeply embedded in Islamic teachings and supported by reason, holds immense value both individually and socially. It ensures personal accountability, promotes justice, and nurtures ethical conduct, all of which are essential for an organised and peaceful society. In an age of moral decline, rekindling faith in the Hereafter can reform hearts and stabilise communities. Indeed, a society built on divine accountability is one where truth, justice, and harmony prevail.
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