CSS 2012 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | The Political System of Islam
The following question of CSS Islamiat 2012 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner has asked to discuss the political system of Islam, which guarantees the state’s prosperity. First, provide an overview of the principles of the political system of Islam, then describe To what extent the political system of Islam guarantees the prosperity of the state.
Outline
1-Introduction
2- An overview of the principles of the political system of Islam
3- To what extent does the political system of Islam guarantee the prosperity of the state
- ✓ By inculcating justice, ADL and the rule of law
- ✓ By ensuring accountability in governance
- ✓ By conducting ethical and moral framework
- ✓ By Strengthening social welfare and economic development (Hazrat Usman example)
- ✓ By ensuring human rights and dignity
- ✓ By creating a meritocracy (Hazrat Umer selecting governance example)
4-Critical analysis
5-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Through the integration of divine principles with government, the Islamic political system prioritizes justice, accountability, and the well-being of the community to secure the opulence of the state. Islam is based on the idea that Allah is the only ultimate ruler; it upholds a legal system based on Sharia that guarantees all people, even those in positions of authority, are held to the same standards. Under this system, leaders must behave as the people’s servants, answerable for their deeds, and execute strategies that advance economic solidity and social decency. The political substructure of Islam nurtures an atmosphere that is commendatory to both individual and collective flourishing by sustaining basic rights and promoting consultation in decision-making, which eventually adds to the overall opulence of the state.
An overview of principles of the political system of Islam
Islam’s political system is based on several rudimentary ideas that direct social structure and government. The concept of Tawhid is cardinal to this philosophy that sovereignty exclusively belongs to Allah, which describes all laws, and government must be by the direction of Allah. Based on the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), that offers a structure for moral leadership that prioritizes impartiality and ethical rectitude. The Khilafat concept highlights individual management of the creation of God, requiring the preservation of morality and the well-being of society. In contrast, Shura encourages equitable decision-making by consulting with experts. The Sharia-derived rule of law guarantees that everyone is treated equally under the law while upholding individual rights and honour. These principles help to establish a foundation for societal fairness, solidity, and opulence.
To what extent does the political system of Islam guarantee the prosperity of the state
- ✓ By inculcating justice, Adl and the rule of law
Indeed, the rule of law and Adl are prime concerns in the Islamic political system as the cornerstones of its governance structure, which substantially Guarantees the success of the state. The Islamic political system heads off deception and exploitation of power by inaugurating a legal system based on Sharia, which guarantees that rules are administered equally to everyone, including leaders. As Allah says in the Quran about adl: “Indeed, Allah commands you to return trusts to their rightful owners;1 and when you judge between people, judge with fairness. What a noble commandment from Allah to you! Surely Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing” (Surah an-Nisa-58). Thus, the focus on moral governance and answerability forces authorities to think about the people’s interests by advocating for laws that advance economic development and the well-being of society.
- By ensuring accountability in governance
Moving ahead, accountability is the cornerstone of the Islamic political system that encourages openness and moral leadership. This system ensures that leaders are the servants of the people, accountable for maintaining impartiality and the community’s best interests. Shura (consultation) promotes accountability, where authorities are required to solicit the advice of qualified people and consider the demands and beliefs of their electors. As Allah says in Quran: “Allah’s angels record people’s deeds, and on the Day of Judgment, people will be held accountable for them” (45:29). For instance, Holy Prophet (PBUH) said: “Each one of you is a shepherd and each guardian is accountable to everything under his care” Thus, the idea of ethical and legal accountability makes it possible for authorities to answer for their deeds, which reduces the likelihood of deception and ineffective leadership.
- By conducting ethical and moral framework
Furthermore, the Quran and the Sunnah strongly emphasize values like honesty, fairness, morality, and sympathy. Islam requires leaders respect to these principles, making sure that their choices validate Islamic righteousness and the well-being of the society. This encourages social accountability by fostering certitude and association between people through the promotion of moral etiquette in government. For instance, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) said: “Whoever amongst you sees an evil, he must change it with his hand. If he is not able to do so, then use his tongue. And if he cannot do so, then with his heart, and that is the weakest form of faith”. Furthermore, because authorities are answerable to the law and their ethical duties to the populace, this morality-based structure deters deception and manipulation. Thus, the focus on moral and ethical leadership fosters a fair and peaceful society, which is crucial for long-term growth and the general opulence of the state.
- By Strengthening social welfare and economic development
Moving down the ladder, Islamic values promote social impartiality, which leads to the creation of schemes for the well-being of society that deal with issues like housing, health maintenance, education, and impoverishment. The system guarantees that financial resources are distributed within the society, lowering economic inequities and strengthening bonds between residents by requiring the collection and distribution of zakat. For instance, “A prime example of Hazrat Usman’s contribution to social welfare is his purchase of the “Ruma Well” in Medina, which he then made freely accessible to all Muslims, Jews, and travellers, regardless of their religious affiliation, demonstrating his generous spirit and commitment to providing basic needs to the community; this act is often cited as a model of inclusive social welfare practice”. Thus, Islam’s political system supports the state’s success by enhancing economic growth and social welfare.
- By ensuring human rights and dignity
Moreover, Islamic teachings strongly emphasise the intrinsic value of every person and support the protection of rights like religious liberty, liberty of expression, and the right to impartiality. The postulate of tranquillity and non-discrimination promotes inclusivity so that people actively participate in communal affairs and administration. As Allah says in the Quran about human dignity: “Indeed, we have dignified the children of Adam, carried them on land and sea, granted them good and lawful provisions, and privileged them far above many of Our creatures” (17:70). Thus, Individual well-being is strengthened by respect for human rights, which also increases devotion and sentiment for the state.
- By creating a meritocracy
Last but not least, the political system of Islam guarantees the opulence of the state by instituting a meritocracy where individuals are rewarded and compensated for their achievements and capabilities rather than their socioeconomic background or lineage. Islamic principles place a high value on fairness and tranquillity, and they invigorate authorities to place people in locations of responsibility based on their qualifications and abilities. Competent people are more inclined to carry out decisions that are more beneficial for society, so the system encourages proficiency and productiveness in government by cultivating an approach that rewards merit. For instance, the appointment of Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah as the commander of the Muslim forces during the conquest of the Levant by Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab is often cited as a prime example of selecting governance based on merit, as Abu Ubaidah was chosen for his strong moral character and leadership qualities, not just military prowess, demonstrating Umar’s emphasis on selecting the most suitable person for the job regardless of tribal affiliations or personal connections. Thus, Prioritizing meritocracy in the Islamic political system enhances administration and promotes social and economic opulence.
Critical analysis
In Islam, political systems prioritize social well-being, transparency, and impartiality in addressing challenges like impoverishment and inequality. These principles can result in social cohesion-promoting procedures like zakat. However, different explanations, cultural milieu, and human rights issues can endanger its effectiveness, reducing the promise of opulence. Consequently, the components of the Islamic regime emerge to have the potential for resolving the problems we are now confronting; nevertheless, their effectiveness depends on their invariable solicitation in every nation.
Conclusion
To conclude, the principles of the Islamic political system, like impartiality, accountability and meritocracy, provide the framework for the growth and development of the state, as they allow it to flourish and progress towards contentment and prosperity. It focuses on the well-being of a whole community while respecting human rights to become a just and equitable society. Nonetheless, its effectiveness is unpredictable in terms of proper elucidation and application in various contexts. If properly and justly implemented, the Islamic political system can effectively deal with modern challenges and play a momentous role in enhancing the current situation of society and the state.
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