PMS 2020 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | The Administrative and Diplomatic Achievements of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
The following question of PMS Islamiat 2020 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner has asked about the administrative and diplomatic achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina. The first part is an outline, breaking the question into different parts. Moving further to the administrative and diplomatic achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina, critical analysis and conclusion.
Outline
1-Introduction
2- Debunking the terms administration and diplomacy in Islam
3- Highlight the administrative and diplomatic achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina.
A-Administrative achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina?
- ✓ Establishing the Islamic state
- ✓ Building the first Mosque
- ✓ fraternizing of ‘Muhajireen’ (Makkan Immigrants) with the ‘Ansar’
- ✓ Creating the Constitution of Medina
B-Diplomatic achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina?
- ✓ Meithaq-e-Medina (Constitution of Medina)
- ✓ Reformation of Medina (Union of Aws and Khazraj)
- ✓ Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 628 CE (Initiating diplomatic ties)
- ✓ Jihad or holy struggle
4-Critical Analysis
5-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Allah has sent prophets as living examples of His laws and instructions. Muslims may learn much from the life of the Prophet (PBUH) about leadership and, most notably, his administrative and diplomatic abilities, particularly in Madinah. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was a skilled administrator and diplomat who devoted his life to advancing Islam and leading the growing Muslim population. Additionally, he took part in agreements and commitments to mediate disagreements between parties, actively resolving conflicts. Following the establishment of Islam, the Prophet (PBUH) had to deal with several difficulties, such as social disintegration, tribe disputes, and animosities; yet, his extraordinary diplomatic abilities spared Muslims from several problems and made Islam a unifying force. The propagation of Islam and the creation of a fair and peaceful society in Madinah were thus greatly aided by the tremendous diplomatic and administrative abilities of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Debunking the terms administration and diplomacy in Islam
It is crucial to comprehend the idea of a diplomat and their duties before delving into the Prophet’s (PBUH) administrative and diplomatic roles. A diplomat is a representative of a nation or organization who works for their government to manage and uphold diplomatic ties. Administrators are essential to organizations; their duties vary depending on the industry and include managing an office, answering questions, keeping an eye on office supplies, setting up meetings, and managing other administrative staff. Islamic administration and diplomacy are firmly based on the values of justice, peace, and respect for one another, which reflect the moral and ethical standards established by Allah.
Highlight the administrative and diplomatic achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina.
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) accomplished historic diplomatic and administrative achievements when he arrived in Medina by instituting the city’s first constitution, also called the Medina Charter. This groundbreaking text marked a critical step in creating a peaceful and just society by outlining the rights and obligations of citizens as well as the role of the state.
He (PBUH) is beyond human comprehension;
His praise human minds will ever mention.
He (PBUH) is the most significant proof of Allah’s being
Each His creature, his eulogy does sing.
(Prof. Niamat Ali Murtazai)
A-Administrative achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina?
- Establishing the Islamic State
The creation of the Islamic State and Government by the Prophet, who transformed the previously uneducated Arabs into a true Islamic civilization by implementing the divine commandments gradually, was a significant accomplishment following the Hijra. He firmly established the foundations of justice and ethics by elucidating the Holy Qur’an’s timeless marvel and using his divinely inspired personality as a real-world example. To put it briefly, Prophet Muhammad (S) offered the most ideal constitution ever—spiritual, social, and political—to the oppressed and tyrannical world, showing them the way to salvation in this life and the next.
- Building the first Mosque
After the entrance into Madina, the first Mosque ever constructed for the Muslims who had recently fled years of persecution in Makkah was constructed, it was a significant landmark for Muslims, who now had a place of their own for unrestricted open gatherings, a school for studying the Qur’an, and a headquarters for getting the directives they needed from their leader. Masjid-an-Nabi (Prophet’s Mosque), Islam’s first Mosque, was joyfully constructed by Makkan immigrants who mingled with the local population, called the “Ansar” (Helpers). The Prophet himself led the daily prayers, which were eagerly attended by all Muslims. There he would preach, teach the faithful the Qur’an and the tenets of Islam, converse with his companions, prepare them for ‘Jihad’ (holy struggle), and investigate their difficulties and other pertinent matters. Therefore, the Mosque served as the actual centre of the first Islamic State that the Messenger founded.
Tala’al-badru ‘alayna
Min thaniyyat il-wada’
Wajaba al-shukru ‘alayna
Ma da’a lillahi da’
O, the white moon rose over us
from the valley of Wada
And we owe it to show gratefulness
Where the call is to Allah
- Fraternizing of ‘Muhajireen’ (Makkan Immigrants) with the ‘Ansar’
The Prophet’s following significant action in Madina was to unite the “Muhajireen” (Makkan Immigrants) and the “Ansar” (Madinite Helpers) in the ties of the Islamic fraternity. He united them as brothers in faith by fraternizing each Muhajir with an Ansar. He clasped his beloved cousin Ali bin Abi Talib’s hand as the ultimate representation of brotherhood, fraternity, and solidarity in Islamic society. According to the Quran, “And as for the first and foremost of the Muhajireen (emigrants) and the Ansar (helpers), and those who followed suit in good deeds; Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him; and He has prepared for them gardens watered by running streams, therein dwelling forever; that is a supreme triumph.” (9:100). Nonetheless, Most Muhajireen were impoverished and had nothing at the time, but the Ansar, who exemplified the best aspects of the Islamic fraternity, gave them what they needed, including food, shelter, and money. They hosted them in their homes, gave them access to their wealth, and married off their daughters to Makkan Muslims. As instructed by the Almighty, the Muhajireen and the Ansar were brothers who shared food, clothes, and housing while protecting and assisting one another. They teach us self-sacrifice, patience, fraternity, piety, and a passionate desire to share the message of Islam with the world’s least fortunate.
- Creating the Constitution of Medina
The Islamic Prophet Muhammad penned the Dustur al-Madina, or Medina Constitution, in 622 CE. It described the obligations and rights of the inhabitants of Medina, which is today a part of Saudi Arabia. All people, regardless of religion, nationality, or tribe, were given equal protection, rights, and dignity under the constitution, which also set a foundation for peace and order. The constitution expressly declares that Jews and Muslims are free to practice their respective religions and guarantees protection to all Medina residents, regardless of their faith. Historians often regard the Medina Constitution as the first historical text to ensure human rights and religious freedom.
B-Diplomatic achievements of the Holy Prophet in the context of Madina?
- Meithaq-e-Medina (Constitution of Medina)
Historically, the native Ansar people greeted the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers when they moved to Medina in 622. The first step toward a Muslim state was taken when the Prophet (PBUH) created the Constitution of Medina, a groundbreaking document that shifted authority from popular opinion to God and established a framework for civil and political relations among people and with other institutions. This constitution combined political and religious leadership, transforming the Medina community into a new tribe led by the Prophet (PBUH). According to historian Bernard Lewis, the Prophet (PBUH) demonstrated his visionary leadership and spiritual direction by achieving the goals of his prophetic vocation by assuming a statesman role.
- Reformation of Medina (Union of Aws and Khazraj)
Nonetheless, the Aws and Khazraj tribes became more and more assimilated as Islam grew, although there was a noticeable numerical difference: at the second vow of al-Aqaba, Khazraj outnumbered Aws 62 to 3, and at the Battle of Badr, 175 Khazrajis fought with 63 Aws members. The historical animosity between the two tribes, however, progressively diminished over time and finally disappeared upon the Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) death. Muslim scholar Maulana Mubarakpuri asserts that the Prophet’s (PBUH) emphasis on the “spirit of brotherhood” was crucial in creating a new society by encouraging harmony and togetherness among Muslims that went beyond tribal ties and established the foundation for a one-dimensional community.
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 628 CE (Initiating diplomatic ties)
Apart from these, the Prophet’s accomplishments also included establishing diplomatic relations with adversaries and other groups. For example, the Prophet (PBUH) and 1,400 of his companions travelled to Makkah in March 628 to conduct the Hajj. However, the Quraish learned of this and sent a force of 200 fighters to stop the Prophet (PBUH) and his friends. The Prophet (PBUH) chose a different path to get to al-Hudaybiyyah, outside of Makkah, to escape this circumstance. The Prophet (PBUH) represented Medina when the Muslims and Quraish signed the pact. In addition to reducing tensions between the two cities, this contract is thought to have spurred the growth of Islam in Makkah. Likewise, this agreement allowed Muhammad’s followers to embark on the First Journey, a nonviolent journey, the following year. The Makkah converted to Islam during its capture in 8 A.H., demonstrating that the Prophet (PBUH) had successfully won the hearts of the Makkans by diplomatic and peaceful means.
- Jihad or holy struggle
The following achievement was known as Jihad or holy battle. It was the inevitable result of establishing a state. Muslims had to follow suit to protect their faith and fight the aggressors by Allah’s commands after unbelievers, who were always trying to crush the divine summons, but saw how well Islam was structured, turned to arms. In the second year of the Hijra, at a location known as “Badr,” the newly formed Islamic State overcame a highly outnumbered army of unbelievers with a small force of just 313 Muslims, marking the first-ever conflict between Islam and blasphemy. Numerous other disputes and skirmishes with the Makkan infidels resulted from the triumph. The Muslims gained bravery and strength from the triumphs, making it easier for Islam and Tauheed to reach the most remote regions of polytheistic Arabia.
Critical Analysis
When seen critically, the Prophet’s diplomatic and administrative endeavours in Madinah earned him the distinction of best diplomat and excellent administrator, completely embodying the teachings of Allah. Although the value of a diplomat and administrator to a nation cannot be overlooked in the modern era, Islam established the principles and practices of both long ago, teaching people how to resolve disputes and prioritising peace.
A pure light which you continuously emanate
A noble disposition nothing short of great
Concern for the oppressed and forgotten
Willing to spend precious time with the downtrodden
(By Sidi Musa Burki)
Conclusion
Islam exemplifies the values of justice, peace, harmony, and humility in all facets of human existence. Muslims in the modern world can preserve relationships and encourage peaceful coexistence with others by following the Prophet’s diplomatic and administrative actions in Medina. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was a master administrator and diplomat, as the previous story demonstrated. His diplomats wrote to several monarchs, urging them to accept Islam, which led to cordial ties with other nations. Thus, he favoured using conciliation to resolve conflicts as an administrator and diplomat.
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