CSS Pakistan Affairs | Suggestions for Educational Reforms in Pakistan
The following question of CSS Current Affairs is solved by Khirman Batool under the supervision of Howfiv’s Pakistan Affairs and Current Affairs Coaches. She learnt how to attempt 20 marks question and essay writing from Sir Syed Kazim Ali, Pakistan’s best CSS and PMS English essay and precis teacher with the highest success rate of his students. This solved past paper question is attempted on the pattern taught by Sir to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory and optional subjects for years, and uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- Understanding the importance of education in the progress of the country
3- Current situation of the education system in Pakistan
4-Suggestion for educational reforms in Pakistan
- ✔To bring policies with realistic and timely achievable goals
- ✔To ensure concrete institutional arrangements
- ✔To continue formerly continuing policies by successive government
- ✔To allocate proper funds for the implementation of the educational reforms
- ✔To bring a qualitative uniform curriculum throughout the country
- ✔To promote technical skills in the education system
- ✔To promote teacher training programs and upgraded skills of the time
- ✔To promote gender equality in the country
- ✔To ensure free quality education for economically deprived people
5-Critical Analysis
6-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Education is the base upon which a country gets its success as it grooms a nation with sophistication, knowledge, and technical skills. But in Pakistan, the education system has been hampered for a long. Despite different manoeuvres to strengthen the education system, it is still derailed and backwards. So, to overcome its drawbacks, several reforms should be made in it. The reforms include policies with realistic goals, implementation of policies by successive governments, and instilling technical skills in students. Moreover, teacher training and a uniform syllabus throughout the country would bring efficient results to Pakistan’s education system.
Understanding the importance of education in the progress of the country
Education is the basis tool that developed countries has used to gain their goals of a successful nation. All great and developed nations have decoded the way to success in educating their nations. For instance, China, whose economy is based upon small scale business, has started teaching its students in schools several skills, like knitting and making tools from raw material. Additionally, the USA has focused on its education to become a hegemon in the world.
Current situation of the education system in Pakistan
Pakistan’s education system is backward and faces several problems regarding EFA, and a major cause of the derailing of the system is poverty, illiteracy, in-realistic policies, and political instability in the country since the inception of the country. All the causes led towards a society lacking efficient human resources and easy manipulation of the people, resulting in several insurgencies. Although different governments have made and, to some extent, have implemented their policies for improving the education system of the country, the political turmoil and repeatedly changing governments have worsened the situation. Moreover, when the educated people do not get employment, they forbade their children to gain education. A narrow-minded society has also thrown stones in the path of women’s education, which results in the deprivation of education in the next generations.
Suggestion for educational reforms in Pakistan
- ✔To bring policies with realistic and timely achievable goals
To overcome the setbacks of the education system in Pakistan, new policies should be formed that would be realistic and achievable. This can be done through making short-term goals in policies to implement them even in times of political instability and repeated changing governments. For instance, South Korea worked on its education system after the Korean War and its separation from North Korea, and it is 31st ranked in the Global Education Index. Moreover, in PISA, in Science, Mathematics, and Reading, it is in the top 20 rankings. So, by focusing on realistic and achievable policies, Pakistan’s education system can also be better.
- ✔To ensure concrete institutional arrangements
Moreover, the Pakistani education system is corrupted due to corruption in funds and teacher appointments in the institutes. This can be resolved by creating concrete institutional arrangements that track each movement in the education sector to prevent corruption in it. For instance, in South Korea, there are acts that have minimized corruption in their education system. In case of any violence of the Corruption Prevention Act, Education Public Officials Ethics Act, and Act on the Prevention of Corruption and Protection of Whistle-blowers, the accused would be punished with lifetime sentences, some fine and a lifetime ban in the respective department. Similarly, Pakistan’s education system should make such laws to prevent corruption and nepotism favouring in the country.
- ✔To continue formerly continuing policies by successive government
Education reforms should ensure the implementation of the education policies of the previous governments by successive governments. Since the inception of the country, Pakistan has faced political instability and repetitive changes of governments, which resulted in the cancellation of previous education policies and the formation of new policies. This results in the wastage of the previous budget in the education system and the requirement of a new huge amount to invest. For example, Denmark has taken the initiative of continuing previous government educational programs from 2009 to 2019 by Prime Ministers Poul Nyrup Rasmussen and Lars Lokke Rasmussen. Today, its education system is in 9th rank in the Global Education Index. Therefore, Pakistan can also bring effective reforms by completing the educational projects of the previous government through successive governments.
- ✔To allocate proper funds for the implementation of the educational reforms
Pakistan’s education system can be improved by implementing proper funds to the department for implementation of the policies. Pakistan invests only 1.5% of its total GDP in education, which is a lesser amount than the developed countries. For instance, Singapore is investing 2.389% of its GDP in the education system, and its rank in GEI is 97%. Therefore, Pakistan can also bring effective reforms in its education by allocating an accurate budget to the department. Moreover, it can also be achieved by bringing foreign direct investment into the sectors. Both measures would help to build better infrastructure and implement the policies throughout Pakistan.
- ✔To bring a qualitative uniform curriculum throughout the country
The country’s education system can brought back on track by bringing qualitative uniform education throughout the country. This aids in reducing the class gap among people. Japan has implemented a Single National Curriculum throughout the country, which has ranked it 7th in the World Population Review of Education. Therefore, Pakistan can also achieve its goals of sustained education by implementing a quality uniform curriculum throughout the country.
- ✔To promote technical skills in the education system
Pakistan should focus on technical skills in the people rather than the orthodox cramming system, hampering efficient human resources. It would help the country to bring skilled people ahead. China has focused on technical and vocational skills, resulting in a second powerful economy due to her cottage industry. So, Pakistan can also produce efficient human resources by eradicating the cramming system and prioritizing vocational training in the country.
- ✔To promote teacher training programs and upgraded skills of the time
Pakistan can also bring reforms in the education system by introducing teacher training programs that would improve the methods of teaching as well as upgrading the teaching faculty to the world’s needs. As in Finland, Teacher training and professional developmental programs are introduced to improve the teaching skills in teachers. Moreover, in medical field, skill training certification programs are introduced to save their time in repeated subjects learning and focusing on goal oriented programs. By introducing such programs Pakistan’s education system would be improved and perform better.
- ✔To promote gender equality in the country
Pakistan should also focus on gender equality in the education system. As developed countries have focused on women’s education to stabilize the wheel of success for both genders. As New Zealand had focused on its girls education prioritizing STEM for the girls as well as boys. By prioritizing girls’ education, the country has excelled in the PISA ranking regarding education. So Pakistan can also bring effective progress if it would start focusing on gender equality in education.
- ✔To ensure free quality education for economically deprived people
Last, Pakistan should focus on giving free education to its economically deprived population. This can be bring into action by focusing on FDI and bigger budget for education system. As Finland government has prioritized giving free education as well as food and health facilities to students. Similarly, Pakistan should introduced such programs to promote education in the country and to not to burdened the extremely poor population of the country with the expense of education.
Critical Analysis
Pakistan’s education system has been impaired since the inception of the country. Despite of the stress by Quaid-e-azam and other political leaders to focus on education, the country’s education system is still hampered. But through grass-root analysis of the root causes and resolving them effectively, the country can bring reforms to improve the system. The reforms could be introducing Single National Curriculum of the world’s need, imparting free education system to the poor people, and promoting technical skills in the people the country’s education system would be improved.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Pakistan’s education system faces several setbacks due to several reasons. But the setbacks can be settled through bringing reforms in the system. The reforms would be introducing quality uniform curriculum throughout the country, promoting solid institutional arrangements in the country, and introducing teacher training programs for upgrading teaching skill. Moreover, bringing FDI for education system would resolve facilities related issues in education system. All in all, by considering several examples of different developed countries, Pakistan’s education system would be improved.
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