CSS Solved Islamiyat Past Paper 2021 | Note on Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
The following question of Islamiat is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted on the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- A historical glance at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
3- An overview of the clauses of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
4- Explaining Treaty of Hudaybiyyah as a pact of peace
- 4.1-Diplomacy and negotiations instead of bloodshed lead to a peaceful environment
- 4.2-Pact allowed Muslims to propagate Islam freely without hindrance.
- 4.3- The treaty provides both communities with their due rights and prolonged benefits
5- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was signed in 628 AD, marking a significant turning point in Islamic history. The Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. and the Quraysh clan from Mecca negotiated this agreement. The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, signed during the sixth year of the Prophethood, is a pivotal moment in Islamic history and a source of inspiration for Muslims. In addition to guaranteeing ten years of peace and permitting Muslims to undertake the Umrah, the treaty ended an endless battle between Mecca and Madinah. Therefore, the Hudaybiyyah Treaty is called the Pact of Peace and Prosperity.
A historical glance at the treaty of Hudaybiyyah
If the pages of history are flipped, it explains that Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. travelled to Mecca in 628 AD with about 1400 supporters to complete the Umrah. But the Quraysh tribe, who ruled Mecca then, ceased them from doing so. Due to this occurrence, the parties engaged in talks, resulting in the Hudaybiyyah Agreement. The agreement was named after the place where it was signed, Hudaybiyyah, a region outside of Mecca. Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. approved the deal even though its terms first appeared adverse to Muslims because he understood its long-term advantage. As the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Whether or not you regard me as Allah’s messenger, I am Allah’s messenger”. Then, he ordered `Ali (AS) to write: “This is a treaty being concluded between Muhammad ibn `Abdullah and the people of Quraysh”.
An overview of the clauses of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
Because of its provisions, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah is also known as the name of peace and stability. The most important of the provisions in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was perhaps the one arguing that the Muslims would return to Madinah that year without seeing the Kaaba. Instead, they will be granted admission and a tranquil three days in Makkah next year. It was agreed that the parties would maintain a 10-year ceasefire. People were meant to live in safety and peace during this period. It was concluded that no prohibition was against an agreement between any tribe and the Prophet. Identically, nobody could prohibit someone from joining the Quraysh and establishing an agreement with them. A further significant Hudaybiyyah treaty point was that while anyone from Madinah who wandered within Makkah would not be treated with the same politeness, anybody from Makkah who entered Madinah would be returned to the Quraysh people.
Explaining the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah as a pact of peace
The Treaty was an essential victory for Muslims seeking to carry out the pilgrimage in peace. As the Holy Quran says in Surah al-Fath-01, “Indeed, We have granted you a clear triumph ˹O Prophet˺” [Holy Quran, 48:01]
- Diplomacy and negotiations instead of bloodshed lead to a peaceful environment.
A key component of international relations is diplomacy and negotiation, which allow nations or other political entities to accomplish their goals via discussion and compromise instead of using force or going to war. Therefore, the theories of diplomacy and negotiation are essential to understanding international relations. For example, under one of the provisions of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, both sides agreed to a ten-year cease-fire. People were meant to live in safety and peace during this period. The courageous Muslim brothers were behind Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Despite the difficulties, he nonetheless resolved the conflict amicably rather than by waving his sword. The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah emphasizes the importance of following the road of peace.
- The Pact allowed Muslims to propagate Islam without hindrance freely.
Some people began to see Islam in a new light and converted to it because Muslims and polytheists were no longer engaged in a continuous conflict. In addition, Muslims were permitted to collaborate with other tribes following the pact. As per the Hudaybiyyah treaty, those from Makkah who go into Madinah shall be reverted to the Quraysh community. However, those from Madinah who stray within Makkah will be given different generosity. Muslims had an opportunity to spread Islam and deal with the enemy on the other side of the peninsula during the ten-year ceasefire. Therefore, The pact helped the Muslims by enabling them to spread Islamic beliefs freely, even if its stipulations initially were against them.
- The treaty provides both communities with their due rights and prolonged benefits.
Nevertheless, this agreement was initially complex for Muslims, and only the Prophet S.A.W. knew its long-term advantages. However, a glance at and comprehension of the dignity provisions demonstrates that this pact hindered the legitimate rights of both people. The agreement between any tribe and the Prophet was deemed to be permissible under the treaty clause. Likewise, no stopping anyone who desired to become a member of the Quraysh and make an agreement with them was still going. Hence, it proves that the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah is an example of peace, harmony and tranquillity and signifies the core tenets of Islamic teachings.
Conclusion
The Hudaybiyyah Treaty was first negotiated to settle disputes between opponents, but it eventually evolved into a successful democratic concept that brought about peace and harmony. Nevertheless, the Hudaybiyyah Treaty proved to be an adequate theory of democracy in international affairs and conflict settlement. As a result, Allah referred to this agreement as Sulah al-Hudaybiyyah and revealed Surah Al-Fateh following it.” And [that] Allah may aid you with a mighty victory”.[48-3]
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