CSS 2010 Solved Current Affairs Past Paper | New Dimensions of US Foreign Policy Towards China
The following question of CSS Current Affairs 2010 is solved by Sir Ammar Hashmi, the best Current Affairs Coach, on the guided pattern of Sir Syed Kazim Ali, which he taught to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question breakdown
This question is now outdated, but Sir Ammar Hashmi has solved this according to the recent dynamics as “New dimensions of US foreign policy towards People’s Republic of China.”
Outline
1-Introduction
2-A bird’s eye view of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China
3-New dimensions of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China
- ✓Strategic competition and technological Rivalry
- ✓Trade and economic policies
- ✓Diplomatic and security strategies
- ✓Human rights and democracy
- ✓Regional tensions
4-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Since the gradual rise of China and especially since the end of the Cold War, US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China has seen a paradigm shift. This shift has compelled the US to view China as a genuine threat to its global hegemony, and this has altered US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China in several dimensions. These include Strategic competition and technological Rivalry, trade and economic policies, and regional tensions in the Indo-Pacific region. This is evident from the recent imposition of tariffs by the Trump administration. Thus, it is high time for China to seek alternatives to counter the negative influence of the new dimensions of US foreign policy towards it.
A bird’s eye view of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China
The United States’ foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China has evolved into a complex mix of competition, confrontation, and selective cooperation. Over recent years, US-China relations have become increasingly adversarial, driven by strategic rivalry in areas such as technology, trade, and military influence. The United States views China as a strategic competitor seeking to reshape global governance and erode liberal values. Policies have focused on countering China’s economic and military coercion, addressing human rights concerns, and reinforcing alliances in the Indo-Pacific region. At the same time, the United States has sought cooperation on global challenges, such as climate change and nuclear non-proliferation. Initiatives like “Made in China 2025” have heightened tensions over technological dominance, while diplomatic dialogue has diminished significantly, further straining relations. The Biden administration has recalibrated its strategies to strike a balance between competition and engagement, emphasizing alliances and partnerships to counter China’s growing influence while maintaining avenues for collaboration on shared global interests.
New dimensions of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China
The new dimensions of U.S. foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China are characterized by heightened strategic competition, technological rivalry, and evolving diplomatic strategies. The following are the most significant aspects in this regard.
- Strategic competition and technological rivalry
The first and foremost dimension of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China is the strategic competition and technological rivalry. The United States views China as a strategic competitor, particularly in critical technologies such as semiconductors and artificial intelligence. The Biden administration has proposed rules to restrict US investments in Chinese tech sectors considered sensitive to national security. Furthermore, concerns arose about data safety with the emergence of the Chinese video platform TikTok in the US. Under Trump’s second term as President of the United States, there is an expected intensification of trade and technology restrictions, including potential tariffs on Chinese exports and limits on access to advanced technologies. As a result, the Trump administration is attempting to attract TSMC to establish semiconductor manufacturing in the US. Thus, strategic competition and technological rivalry are the new dimensions of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China.
- Trade and economic policies
The trade and economic policies are the second dimension of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China. The U.S. has maintained and expanded tariffs on Chinese goods, with the Biden administration reinforcing measures initiated by Trump. For example, Biden announced significant tariff hikes on key sectors, including electric vehicles and semiconductors. Moreover, Trump’s second term is characterized by a transactional approach, focusing on reciprocal tariffs and addressing perceived trade imbalances, including a review of China’s compliance with the 2020 trade deal. Simply put, Trump, in his second term, considers China a direct competitor and a threat to US industry. Thus, by imposing high tariffs, trade and economic policies become another dimension of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China.
- Diplomatic and security strategies
The Diplomatic and security strategies are the third dimension of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China. This is evident from the US administration under Joe Biden, which emphasized alliances and partnerships to counter China’s influence, engaging with allies in Asia and Europe before reaching out to China. Moreover, diplomatic dialogue is challenging under the Trump administration due to its hardline stance, with Secretary of State Rubio barred from entering China. As a response, the US is bolstering regional alliances, including the QUAD and AUKUS, to deter Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea. Thus, by doing so, diplomatic and security strategies become another dimension of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China.
- Human rights and democracy
The fourth dimension of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China is human rights and democracy. This is evident from the fact that the Biden administration has highlighted human rights concerns in China, passing legislation like the Uyghur Forced Labour Prevention Act and imposing sanctions on Chinese officials involved in rights abuses. However, Trump’s approach is less focused on human rights, with a greater emphasis on economic and security interests. Thus, this dimension of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China will likely become dormant under Trump’s second term.
- Regional tensions
Last but one of the significant dimensions of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China is regional tension and competition between the US and China in the Indo-Pacific. In this aspect, the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea remain flashpoints, with the US committed to supporting Taiwan’s defense and countering China’s assertive military posture in the region. The US is aligned with ASEAN members and forming alliances with major regional powers, such as India and Australia, to bolster its position further. Thus, regional tension is one of the most critical dimensions of US foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China.
Conclusion
The evolving nature of U.S. foreign policy towards the People’s Republic of China reflects the deepening rivalry between the two global powers. Strategic competition, technological restrictions, economic measures, and regional alliances have reshaped U.S. policy, aiming to counter China’s growing influence. While diplomatic tensions persist, areas of selective engagement remain, particularly in global security and climate initiatives. The intensification of trade restrictions, military partnerships, and human rights advocacy further defines this shifting landscape. As both nations navigate these complexities, the trajectory of their relations will continue to shape global politics, requiring a delicate balance between competition and cooperation to prevent further escalation.spite opposition from the provinces, leading to an abysmally flawed federal structure in Pakistan.
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