CSS Current Affairs | Motives Behind the Radicalization in Balochistan
The following question of CSS Current Affairs is solved by Khirman Batool under the supervision of Howfiv’s Pakistan Affairs and Current Affairs Coaches. She learnt how to attempt 20 marks question and essay writing from Sir Syed Kazim Ali, Pakistan’s best CSS and PMS English essay and precis teacher with the highest success rate of his students. This solved past paper question is attempted on the pattern taught by Sir to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory and optional subjects for years, and uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Understanding of the bases of radicalization in Balochistan
3-What are the motives behind radicalization in Balochistan
- ✓To gain maximum royalty from its natural resources
- ✓To save exploitation of its resources from other people
- ✓To boycott China for violating Uyghur’s Muslim rights
- ✓To stop forceful missing-person chaos
- ✓To separate it from Pakistan
- ✓To achieve the vested interest of tribal leaders
4-Suggestions to cope-up the radicalization in Balochistan
- ✓To promote satisfaction and trust in Balochistan People
- ✓To ensure maximum benefits from the developmental projects in Balochistan
5-Critical analysis
6-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan due to its area and smallest province due to its population. It was annexed by Pakistan after Britain’s exit from the subcontinent. However, the province has witnessed several insurgencies since it joined Pakistan. The insurgencies are caused by dominant state actors and some non-state actors. The motives behind the insurgencies are to win the rights of the province, to save exploitation of natural resources to separate it from Pakistan, and to gain the vested interest of tribal leaders of the province. To achieve the motives, both the state and non-state actors perform violent actions, which causes ethnic and religious insurgencies. The situation worsened when the leader of the Bugti tribe was killed by the armed forces after the incidence of the level of insurgencies in Balochistan intensified. However, the insurgencies can be settled by promoting satisfaction and trust among Baloch people and ensuring maximum benefit from the development projects based in Balochistan.
Understanding of the bases of radicalization in Balochistan
Despite being rich in energy resources and minerals, the province is the poorest, giving the least share in the GDP of the country. Moreover, the benefits from the resources are not fully available to the Baloch people. Being near warm water and having a coastal border with the Arabian Sea, it has benefited from the fishery industry, but under CPEC, the livelihood of local people has been disturbed. Additionally, Balochistan’s rights have been compromised for a long. All the factors aggregate together, creating the basis of radicalization in the province.
What are the motives behind radicalization in Balochistan
- To gain maximum royalty from its natural resources
It is the richest in natural resources, and its geography has contributed even more, but its resources are still unable to produce maximum output for the province. Moreover, its resources are used by other provinces; for instance, the job vacancies in CPEC are given maximum to other provinces as it lacks efficient human resources. Al-Jazeera reported that BLA had taken responsibility for killing 70 Punjabi residents in Balochistan who were working in CPEC. As it was the right of the Baloch people to get maximum royalty from the developmental projects compared to others. But despite the violent actions, it is not getting maximum royalty from the developmental projects.
- To save exploitation of its resources from other people
Balochistan, being rich in natural resources, has been a poor province as the government exploits its resources. For instance, it is the largest producer of Sui gas in Pakistan, but it is largely distributed to other provinces, such as Sindh and Punjab. The shortfall of sui gas in 2020 was blamed on Balochistan due to its crux against foreign investment. BLA has reported on Al-Jazeera that to save Balochistan’s resources from being exploited, they attacked foreign investors, rescuing the indigenous natural resources. They claim that they are saving Balochistan’s resources from being exploited.
- To boycott China for violating Uyghur’s Muslim rights
Balochistan is a Muslim community that has strong beliefs. Despite the Pakistan-China friendship, it has strong opposition from Chinese people as they are using oppression in Uyghur for identity-based persecution, mass detention, and forced assimilation. Of Muslims in Xingjian, the connecting unit of China under CPEC with Pakistan. The Baloch Liberation Army (BLA), the separatist groups of southwest Balochistan province, claimed responsibility for the assaults on a Pakistani naval air base and a government complex outside the Chinese-funded strategic port of Gwadar. They use violence against Chinese people, as the Muslims of Uyghur are facing in China. So, by doing violence, they are boycotting China’s violent action against Uyghur.
- To stop forceful missing-person agenda
Moreover, there are different actions taken by BLA and BLF against the military, considering them responsible for the missing persons scandal in Balochistan. Therefore, whenever and wherever they find the opportunity, they attack the armed forces of the state. For instance, BRA attacked state-backed “death squad” members operating under the ISI and army in Panjgur, and BLA attacked Security Forces in Harnai, considering them to be the culprits of the missing person case. They are causing violence to stop coercive missing persons, raising insurgency in the province.
- To separate it from Pakistan
Another motive of insurgency rise in Balochistan is to separate it from Pakistan. BLA and other separatist groups are fuelling the in-born fear of getting exploited by Baloch people. And many reports say that India is funding the organization to create rifts in Balochistan, igniting them to take a stand for a separate identity. Moreover, by doing so, Pakistan’s economy would be directly hit, and it would be easily targeted.
- To achieve the vested interest of tribal leaders
The rifts in insurgencies are also caused by tribal interests. The Bugti tribe is backing and has prepared an army to take revenge for Akbar Ali Bugti, who was killed in President Musharraf’s era by the Military. The other tribes have to support the tribe as they also have their interest. Therefore, the army prepared by the tribes attacked every year on the people the tribes consider invaders near the death anniversary of Nawab Akbar Ali Bugti, as reported by Al-Jazeera. The vested interest of the tribes has prepared impulsive people to stand against the state, creating insurgency in Balochistan.
Suggestions to cope-up the radicalization in Balochistan
- To promote satisfaction and trust in Balochistan People
Balochistan’s insurgency can be overcome by imparting satisfaction and trust among the Baloch people. The goal can be achieved by taking the trust of the Baloch people in the missing person case and bringing live media court hearings for the violent person cases. Moreover, it can also be achieved by ensuring the rights of the Baloch people. When the people were satisfied, the motives of insurgency creators would fall behind, and no insurgency would rise in the province.
- To ensure maximum benefits from the developmental projects in Balochistan.
Balochistan insurgencies’ major targets were the people involved in the developmental projects. It can be resolved by ensuring the satisfaction among people that the priority beneficiary would be Baloch people from the developmental projects in Balochistan. This can be achieved by fixing the quota for Baloch people for employment vacancies. And by giving priority to the development of Balochistan over another province.
Critical analysis
Balochistan insurgency is caused by various factors, but there are some innate motives of the insurgency-causing agents that lead to the rise of several bouts of revolts in the province. The motives are to gain its rights, to gain maximum benefits from its natural resources, to save exploitation of its resources from other people, to boycott China for violating Uyghur’s Muslim rights and to fulfil the vested interests of the originating powers of insurgency. They cause several types of violence, including targeted killing, bloodshed, and bomb blasting. However, it can be addressed by solving the bone of contention, such as giving rights to Baloch people and giving maximum benefits from the developmental projects in Balochistan.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, the leading cause of the Balochistan insurgency is igniting the fire of distrust in people, fulfilling the motives of the creators of the insurgency. The motives are to gain the vested interest of tribal leaders, to boycott China because of the Uyghur community facing brutality, and to gain maximum benefits from the developmental projects. All of this is because of the distrust people have regarding their rights, which kindles the violent methods people use to gain their rights. Notwithstanding this, by a grassroots analysis of the root causes and resolving the root causes, the insurgencies can be addressed better and lead the province to a better place full of peace.
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