CSS Current Affairs | Lessons for Pakistan to Enhance its Climate Resilience
The following question of CSS Current Affairs is solved by Kaynat Fatima under the supervision of Howfiv’s Pakistan Affairs and Current Affairs Coaches. She learnt how to attempt 20 marks question and essay writing from Sir Syed Kazim Ali, Pakistan’s best CSS and PMS English essay and precis teacher with the highest success rate of his students. This solved past paper question is attempted on the pattern taught by Sir to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory and optional subjects for years, and uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- Understanding climate resilience
3- How can Pakistan improve its climate resilience?
- ✓Netherlands: Delta Plan
- Evidence: The Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt estuaries must be closed off by building several dams, sluices, and storm surge barriers. This will decrease the coastline by 435 miles and create freshwater lakes.
- The American Society of Civil Engineers has named the Delta Works one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World.
- ✓Japan: Combating and Managing Disaster Risk
- Evidence: An innovative early warning system from Japan provides a model for attempts to adapt to climate change.
- Early warning systems can reduce damages by a startling 30% with only one day’s notice. The significance of a strong early warning system has been acknowledged by the UN and other international agencies as the “low-hanging fruit of adaptation efforts.”
- ✓ Germany: Conversion to Renewable Energy
- Evidence: The legal underpinning for achieving net zero emissions by 2045 is outlined in Germany’s Climate Law. The aggressive Energiewende calls for the total phase-out of coal use and the requirement that 80% of all power supply originate from renewable energy sources by 2030 (and 100% by 2035).
- ✓Australia’s National Adaptation and Climate Resilience Strategy
- Evidence: The plan is concentrated on three main areas: encouraging investment in adaption measures, incorporating climate risk into decision-making processes, and cultivating cooperation among communities, the corporate sector, and all governmental levels.
- ✓Costa Rica: Adaptation Based on Ecosystems
- Evidence: Costa Rica’s ecosystem services, including soil stability, water management, and carbon sequestration, have been effectively enhanced by the implementation of vast reforestation initiatives and the protection of natural areas.
4- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Climate change is a Global burden that reshaping the future of the world through its drastic impacts. Undoubtedly, climate change has impacted many countries economically and socially. However, Pakistan is also on the brink of destruction due to climate injustice. According to the Global Climate Risk Index’s annual assessment for 2020, which was made public by the research group German Watch, states that Pakistan is ranked fifth among the most vulnerable nations to climate change. Furthermore, many countries like Germany, Australia, Cost Rika, the Netherlands, and Japan have developed their climate resilience models, and Pakistan can also learn lessons from the models of other countries to enhance its climate resilience. Thus, this answer is about how Pakistan can enhance climate resilience.
Understanding climate resilience
Before going down the ladder, it is essential to understand the climate resilience. “Climate resilience” refers to the ability to prepare for, mitigate, recover from, and adjust to these consequences. The term “climate resilience” refers to the ability of ecosystems or people to recover from specific climate hazard occurrences. “Capacity of social, economic, and ecosystems to cope with a hazardous event, trend, or disturbance” is the official meaning of the word. One definition of climate resilience is the capacity to bounce back from shocks associated with the climate, including droughts and floods.
How can Pakistan improve its climate resilience?
- ✓Netherlands: Delta Plan
Moving ahead, Pakistan is on the brink of destruction because of climate change. Many countries have enhanced their climate resilience capacity to fight back the disasters. The Netherlands by Delta Plan through which the Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt estuaries must be closed off by building several dams, sluices, and storm surge barriers. This will decrease the coastline by 435 miles and create freshwater lakes. The purpose of this is to protect from flooding and provide fresh water. The American Society of Civil Engineers has named the Delta Works one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. Further, Pakistan can learn lessons from the Delta Plan of the Netherlands and build dams, sluices, and storm surge barriers to protect from flooding and provide fresh water. Thus, Pakistan can enhance its climate resilience in the same way as the Netherlands.
- ✓Japan: Combating and Managing Disaster Risk
Moreover, Pakistan should adopt a system and management that can prevent disasters. Pakistan can develop an early warning system like Japan to reduce damages. Japan’s innovative early warning system provides a model for attempts to adapt to climate change. Early warning systems can reduce damages by a startling 30% with only one day’s notice. The significance of a strong early warning system has been acknowledged by the UN and other international agencies as the “low-hanging fruit of adaptation efforts.” Further, Pakistan can develop an early warning system that will provide less damage by flooding because of early warning. Thus, Pakistan should learn the lesson from Japan in combating and managing disaster risk.
- ✓ Germany: Conversion to Renewable Energy
Furthermore, Pakistan can learn from the models of other countries and can enhance its renewable energy. Germany also developed a model of climate resilience by conversion to renewable energy. The legal underpinning for achieving net zero emissions by 2045 is outlined in Germany’s Climate Law. The aggressive Energiewende calls for the total phase-out of coal use and the requirement that 80% of all power supply originate from renewable energy sources by 2030 (and 100% by 2035). Pakistan should also move towards renewable energy to combat climate change. Thus, Pakistan can learn the lesson from Germany’s renewable energy and move towards renewable energy.
- ✓Australia’s National Adaptation and Climate Resilience Strategy
Similarly, Pakistan is on the brink of destruction because of climate change. Many countries have enhanced their climate resilience capacity to fight back the disasters. Pakistan should learn the lesson from Australia’s National Adaptation and Climate Resilience Strategy. The plan is concentrated on three main areas: encouraging investment in adaption measures, incorporating climate risk into decision-making processes, and cultivating cooperation among communities, the corporate sector, and all governmental levels. Further, Pakistan should learn from Australia and invest in adaption measures, incorporating climate risk into decision-making processes, and cultivating cooperation among communities, the corporate sector, and all governmental levels. Thus, Pakistan can enhance its climate resilience by application of different models.
- ✓Costa Rica: Adaptation Based on Ecosystems
Last but not least, Climate change is putting Pakistan in danger of collapse. Numerous nations have improved their ability to withstand climate-related calamities. Pakistan can enhance its climate resilience like Costa Rica. Costa Rica’s ecosystem services, including soil stability, water management, and carbon sequestration, have been effectively enhanced by implementing vast reforestation initiatives and protecting natural areas. Further, Pakistan can enhance its vast reforestation programs, and the preservation of natural areas has effectively improved ecosystem services, such as soil stability, water management, and carbon sequestration. So, Pakistan can combat climate change through the different models and policies to enhance climate resilience.
Conclusion
To sum up, Pakistan has to tackle climate change with a diversified strategy that includes the best practices from other nations like Germany, Australia, Costa Rica, the Netherlands, and Japan. Pakistan may design resilient measures to prevent climate effects and adjust to changing environmental circumstances by drawing lessons from their successful models of climate resilience. Important actions include funding sustainable infrastructure, bolstering early warning systems, encouraging renewable energy, and raising community knowledge and readiness. Strong domestic policies combined with cooperation with foreign partners may help Pakistan create a resilient future that protects its economy and society from the negative consequences of climate change.
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