PMS 2019 Solved Pakistan Affairs Past Papers | Kashmir Liberation Movement in Last One Decade
The following question of PMS Pakistan Affairs 2019 is solved by Miss Iqra Ali, the best Pakistan Affairs Coach, on the guided pattern of Sir Syed Kazim Ali, which he taught to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Outline
1- Introduction
2- Understanding Kashmir Liberation Movement
3- Historical Context of the Kashmir Liberation Movement
4- Events leading to the Kashmir Liberation Movement
- 2016 Burhan Wani’s Assassination
- Revocation of Article 370 (2019)
- Rise of protests and civil unrest
- Increase in Militarization by India
- Demographic Changes
- International Response
5- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Kashmir, a valley renowned for its beauty and grace, has been marred by conflict and dispute since the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947 from the British rule. The land, which should be a land of tranquility, has instead been engulfed by turmoil and suffering. However, since the beginning of the conflict, various resolutions have been passed, and movements have been raised, yet the issue of Kashmir remained unsolved as India kept adding fuel to the fire. To counter that, an armed and political organization, the Kashmir Liberation Movement Front (KLMF) shaped as a result of the revocation of article 370 (16), revoking the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, assassination of Kashmiri political leaders, increase in militarization by India, and India’s attempt on demographic changes by the issuance of domicile to millions of non-Kashmiris. Moreover, the KLMF, having operations in Pakistani-administered Kashmir and Indian administered Kashmir, made different social and political efforts aimed at resolving conflicts. It also has several branches in the U.K, the U.S, and Europe. To conclude, various oppressions in the region have raised protests among youth and shaped movements like the Kashmir Liberation Movement.
Understanding the Kashmir Liberation Movement
The Kashmir Liberation Movement Front (KLMF), a formerly armed and political organization, refers to the different political and social efforts aimed at resolving the conflicts in the region. Besides, the KLMF advocates the rights and aspirations of the people of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Initially, the KLMF was founded by Amanullah Khan, a Kashmiri activist, and established in 1977. It is active in Pakistani-administered Kashmir and Indian administered Kashmir, and it has several branches in different areas, including the United Kingdom, Europe, the United States, and the Middle East.
Historical Context of the Kashmir Liberation Movement
Historically, founded by Amanullah Khan and led by Yasin Malik in response to the injustices prevalent in Jammu and Kashmir, the KLMF has been active for decades, advocating Kashmir’s independence and political and social rights. Seeking to mobilize international support for a plebiscite in Kashmir, the KLMF operates various missions from the U.K. The group has gained notoriety for its militant activities, including the hijacking of an Indian Airlines Plan in 1971. In the late 1980s, during the rigged elections in Jammu and Kashmir, a significant armed insurgency erupted against India’s rule. Notwithstanding, the KLMF’s emergence has also caused tensions for Pakistan, making Pakistan support Islamist groups like Hizb ul Mujahedeen.
- 2016 Burhan Wani’s Assassination
To begin, the assassination of Burhan Wani, a young militant and leader of Hizbul Mujahideen, by Indian security forces marked a significant moment in the rise of the KLMF movement. His death has given path to further killings, protests, militarization and region-wide chaos as the young people were greatly inspired by his ideology and charisma.
- Revocation of Article 370 (2019)
Additionally, in August 2019, India published an article revoking the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. According to the article under the Indian Constitution, Jammu and Kashmir _ states administered by India_ were given special status, assigning them a separate constitution, a state flag, and autonomy of internal administration. However, this action of India has not only caused security issues but also caused hindrances in the path of resolving disputes over the region of Jammu and Kashmir, which Pakistan claims the entire state, and China claims as a part of it, particularly the Aksai Chin region. As a result, the economic, development, social and Security status of Jammu and Kashmir were weakened, causing disputes and protests nationally and internationally. Therefore, the revocation of Article 370 (2019) is one of the significant events that paved the path for the Kashmir Liberation Movement (KLM).
- Rise in Protests and Disputes
Besides, as a result of India’s restrictive and short-sighted policy, widespread protests and civil unrest took place in Jammu and Kashmir. Over the loss of autonomy and imposition of central control, people expressed immediate reactions, resulting in a prolonged state of unrest. In a political response, a group of political leaders and parties showed their strong opposition, considering India’s act as a breach of agreement. As a result, a number of political leaders were detained, and regional parties were significantly impacted.
- Increase in Militarization by India
However, in the aftermath of protests and disputes that took place in Jammu and Kashmir, India has raised its militarization. It has deployed 900 thousand troops in the states, creating the world’s densest military presence _ one soldier for every eight residents. Moreover, it has not left behind any kind of human rights violations, including the assassination of Militants like Burhan Vani, extrajudicial killings, disappearances, etc. To conclude, the increase in militarization by India has raised anger among civilians, spreading more protests.
- Demographic Changes
Moreover, India’s attempt to alter the demographic shape of Jammu and Kashmir has further added fuel to the fire. The country has issued domicile and facilitated the settlement of over four million outsiders, non-Kashmiris, in Jammu and Kashmir to alter the demographic makeup of the region, raising the long-term implications for the local Muslim population. Therefore, the attempt has alerted the political leaders and the regional people.
- International Response
Apart from that, India’s revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir has raised concerns in not only Pakistan and China but also in International forums. Although the U.S has been muted in favoring India, it has expressed its regard for human violation in the region and called for dialogues as the U.S focuses on bilateral relations. Apart from that, Muslim Countries, European countries, and International Organizations, including the United Nations (UN) have the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) expressed their disapproval, opposition, and concerns regarding Kashmiri’s situation. Also, China has given a strong reaction on the revocation of Article 370 since the country has an interest in the region, particularly concerning its borders with India, and it has also reiterated its support for Pakistan’s opposition on Kashmir.
Conclusion
To conclude, the Kashmir Liberation Movement Front (KLMF), a formerly armed and political organization, was raised by various events, including the revocation of article 370 (16), the assassination of Kashmiri political leaders, an increase in militarization, and protests by Kashmiri youth. Furthermore, the KLMF has several branches in the U.S, U.K, and Europe, it has also been active in operation in Pakistani administered Kashmir, Indian administered, and in Kashmir, making social and political efforts aim at solving the conflict.
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