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Ali Shan, a student of Sir Syed Kazim Ali, has attempted the CSS 2026 essay “Emerging Multipolar World Order: Opportunities and Risks for Pakistan” using Sir Kazim’s proven essay writing pattern and strategy. As Pakistan’s leading CSS and PMS English Essay and Precis coach, Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been the only English mentor with the highest success rate of his students in Essays and Precis for over a decade. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper.
Outline
1-Introduction
The emerging multipolar world order has intensified global instability through competing power blocs and geopolitical competition, offering Pakistan expanded space for diplomatic maneuvering, economic diversification, and strategic autonomy, while simultaneously subjecting it to mounting alignment pressures, security dilemmas, and economic exposure, which demand carefully calibrated and pragmatic policy responses.
2-What is the multipolar world order?
3-Transition from the unipolar to multipolar global power structures
4-Pakistan’s strategic location in changing geopolitical landscape
5-Opportunities for Pakistan in a multipolar world
- ✓Strategic diversification of diplomatic partnerships beyond traditional blocs
- Evidence: Pakistan’s successful hosting of the SCO Summit in late 2024 and its formal application for BRICS+ membership, supported by Russia and China as of early 2026, signals a shift toward inclusive multilateral engagement.
- ✓Revitalization of geo-economic connectivity through CPEC Phase II
- Evidence: The 14th Joint Cooperation Committee meeting in late 2025 transitioned CPEC to a B2B (Business-to-Business)- led industrialization phase, focusing on growth, innovation, and green development corridors.
- ✓Pakistan’s unique geographic position as a bridge for trans-regional energy corridors
- Evidence: Renewed progress on the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India pipeline and increased energy cooperation with Russia in 2025 demonstrate the potential to serve as a hub for Eurasian energy security.
- ✓Expansion of defense exports to emerging markets in the Global South
- Evidence: The sale of JF-17 Thunder Block III fighter jets to Azerbaijan and Iraq in 2025–2026 depicts the capacity to penetrate diverse defense markets while maintaining strategic autonomy.
- ✓Enhanced bargaining leverage within international financial institutions
- Evidence: Securing a $7 billion IMF Extended Fund Facility in 2024–2025, while simultaneously receiving significant rollovers from China and the UAE, demonstrates a successful dual-track financial diplomacy.
6-Risks for Pakistan in a multipolar world
- ✓Intensified pressure to choose sides in the US-China rivalry
- Evidence: The 2025 US Critical Minerals Forum’s interest in Pakistan’s rare earth elements directly competes with established Chinese mining interests, creating a zero-sum strategic dilemma.
- ✓Skyrocketed economic vulnerability to global supply chain disruptions and sanctions
- Evidence: Volatility in global oil prices and potential secondary sanctions linked to trade with sanctioned neighbors continue to threaten the macroeconomic stabilization achieved in 2025.
- ✓Heightened regional security dilemma resulting from India’s strategic partnership with the West
- Evidence: The influx of advanced Western weaponry into India under the Critical and Emerging Technology (ICET) initiative forces an expensive arms race, straining limited fiscal resources despite the brief 2025 de-escalation.
- ✓Aggravated strategic overextension in multiple competing multilateral organizations
- Evidence: Balancing the requirements of the Western-backed IMF with the emerging alternative financial architecture of BRICS+ risks creating contradictory policy obligations and institutional friction.
- ✓Unbridled external dependence on debt rollovers and liquidity injections
- Evidence: Despite reaching $21 billion in reserves by early 2026, the state remains structurally dependent on the bilateral deposit model from China, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
7-Policy measures for Pakistan in managing a multipolar world
- ✓To adopt a ‘Hedging and Balancing’ doctrine to maximize strategic autonomous foreign policy
- ✓To operationalize the geo-economic pivot via the Special Investment Facilitation Council through economic diplomacy and trade diversification
- ✓To diversify the national energy mix to reduce external reliance on aid
- ✓To enhance regional connectivity through digital diplomacy and economic outreach programs
8-Conclusion
The international system is undergoing a deep transformation as the unipolar dominance of a single superpower gradually gives way to a multipolar world marked by competing centers of power. As a result, this transition has intensified geopolitical rivalry, economic fragmentation, and strategic uncertainty across regions. For instance, for a strategically located country like Pakistan, this evolving order presents a complex mix of opportunities and risks. On the one hand, multipolarity expands diplomatic space, enabling Pakistan to diversify partnerships, enhance geo-economic connectivity, and exercise greater strategic autonomy beyond traditional alliances. On the other hand, it simultaneously subjects the country to mounting pressures to align with rival blocs, exposes it to global supply-chain shocks, and complicates its security environment, particularly in South Asia. Therefore, orchestrating the emerging multipolar world requires Pakistan to adopt a pragmatic, interest-based approach that maximizes its opportunities while carefully managing the attendant risks.
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