CSS 2014 Solved Islamiat Past Papers | A Good Combination of Reason (Intellect) and Revelation
The following question of CSS Islamiat 2014 is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted using the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, who have scored the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner has asked for a comprehensive overview of a good combination of Reason (intellect) and revelation that can resolve today’s issues of humankind. First, we will provide an overview of today’s problems of humanity and then describe the question thoroughly.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-An overview of today’s issues of humankind
3-To what extent can the good combination of Reason (intellect) and revelation resolve today’s issues of humanity?
- ✓By inculcating Ethical Governance and Justice
- ✓By ensuring human rights and Dignity
- ✓By mitigating social inequities
- ✓By strengthening the Economic structure
- ✓By emphasizing moral decay and Social Problems
- ✓By focusing on Scientific and Technological Advancement
- ✓By highlighting Global Peace
4-Critical analysis
5-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
The problems humans face nowadays, from political disruption and distortion of the environment to injustice in society and financial inequalities, require innovative and apprehensive solutions. A well-balanced combination of reasons and revelation (intellect) can offer a sturdy framework for dealing with these issues. While revelation dispenses moral direction and ethical standards founded in religious practices, Reason entitles people to critically evaluate situations, investigate many viewpoints, and develop evidence-based remedies. People and communities may create a greater awareness of their responsibilities towards each other by balancing logical reasoning with spiritual insight. This will eventually lead to a more equitable, kind and harmonious society.
An overview of today’s issues of humankind
The current state of humanity’s civilization is characterized by multiple serious problems that demand immediate action, such as moral deterioration, dignity and human rights violations, social injustices, economic inequalities, ethical governance and justice, and fragile international Peace. Human rights preservation guarantees that every person is treated with respect and Dignity, while ethical governance is crucial for building accountability and responsibility among leaders. Poverty and marginalization are sustained by social injustices and economic inequalities, which contribute to differences in access to opportunities, healthcare, and education. Furthermore, constantly increasing corruption and offence are evidence of moral decay that menace cohesiveness in society and community principles. By addressing these problems, we can easily evolve a just, egalitarian, and peaceful society.
To what extent can the good combination of Reason (intellect) and revelation resolve today’s issues of humankind?
- By inculcating Ethical Governance and Justice
By encouraging moral leadership and well-informed decision-making processes, incorporating Reason and revelation into governance can improve democratic institutions. Consequently, by promoting openness, responsibility, and equity, this two-pronged strategy aids in the fight against bribery and the redress of structural injustices As Allah stated in Quran in Surah Noor Ayat 55: “Allah has promised to those among you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will assuredly make them succeed (the present) rulers and grant them vicegerency in the land just as He made those before them to succeed (others)”.Similarly, Hazrat Ali build just and flexible governance and advised others to do the same as, In advice to Malik al-Ashtar, the governor of Egypt, Imam Ali (a) wrote: “Do justice for Allah and do justice towards the people, as against yourself, your near ones and those of your subjects for whom you have a liking because if you do not do so you will be oppressive. Thus, modern administrators can evolve successful strategies that align with the moral and ethical standards of the community and promote an equitable and just society.
- By ensuring human rights and Dignity
Moreover, Reason (intellect) and revelation must be combined to handle the challenges of human rights and Dignity in today’s world. Reasons help to critically inspect the social systems, which aids in detecting inequalities and making evidence-based plans for the preservation of human rights. Meanwhile, revelation provides a moral structure that highlights the intrinsic worth of every person and supports the idea that human rights are essential privileges derived from our shared humanity. As Allah says in the Quran: “Indeed, Allah does not do injustice, [even] as much as an atom’s weight”(4:40). Based on the Quran, Hazrat Ali’s steadfast dedication towards equality and fairness defined his justice and ADL in every matter as, for instance, Umar’s (RA) justice involved the son of Amr ibn al-As, the governor of Egypt, who struck an Egyptian Christian. The Christian sought redress by travelling to Madina, where Umar (RA) listened to his complaint and ordered both Amr and his son to account for their actions. Thus, today’s human problems may be overcome, and a more just and equitable society can be established by upholding human rights and Dignity.
- By mitigating social inequities
Furthermore, Islam emphasizes justice, equality and Peace. Consequently, Leaders should discover the major causes of social injustices like discrimination and economic inequality by inspecting social norms and policies. To prioritize equality and kindness, revelation encourages discussion between ethical principles and logical analysis to develop adherence to social justice. As Allah describes in the Quran: “But those who do good—whether male or female—and have faith will enter Paradise and will never be wronged even as much as the speck on a date stone”(Quran 4:124). Thus, reducing social inequalities helps solve human problems in today’s era.
- By strengthening the Economic structure
Moving down the ladder, today’s global issues can be solved by reinforcing economic and ethically responsible systems. While revelation offers ethical guidance to ensure that financial activities advance social justice and equality, Reason allows the study of financial systems to pinpoint inadequacies and create data-driven strategies. As Allah says in the Quran:” O believers! Do not devour one another’s wealth illegally but rather trade by mutual consent. And do not kill ˹each other or˺ yourselves. Surely Allah is ever Merciful to you” (4:29). Similarly, policies of Hazrat Umer in his state: Umar’s policies, among others, concerned the issue of controlling income and monitoring expenses. In the Baitul-mal, there are state assets originating from state revenues, both from zakat, kharaj, usyur, ghanimah, jizyah and other income. Thus, with the help of a strong economic structure, the problems of today’s world can be resolved.
- By emphasizing moral decay and Social Problems
Furthermore, Reason permits a critical analysis of societal issues, including social injustice, corruption, and inequality, to develop data-driven policies and solutions. On the flip of the coin, revelation provides a moral compass that prioritizes ethical conduct, sympathy, and social duty, directing people toward activities that advance the welfare of society as Allah says in the Quran: “O you who believe! Let not a people deride another people, lest they may be better than themselves; nor let women deride other women, lest they may be better than themselves; and do not defame one another, nor insult one another by [calling] nicknames. How evil is an ill name after faith, and whoever does not repent – they are the wrongdoers. (49:12)”. Consequently, the Constitution of Medina establishes the umma as a community united across tribal boundaries and separate from pagan society. It also incorporates the Muhajirun into the Medinan tribal structure, as the Muhajirun had abandoned the security of their Meccan clan links and were concerned about their future in Medina. Thus, societies may successfully combat moral humiliation and improve social cohesiveness by fostering rectitude and accountability.
- By focusing on Scientific and Technological Advancement
Moving ahead, Reason stimulates creativity and critical thinking, which propels research and development that can result in innovations in several industries, including information technology, healthcare, and energy conservation. In the meantime, revelation offers moral standards that guarantee these developments are applied sensibly and for the sake of humanity, tackling issues like social justice, privacy, and environmental sustainability. The Quran provides an early account of the things that are being discovered now. As the Quran states: “Or like darkness in a deep sea, covered by waves upon waves, topped by [dark] clouds – darkness upon darkness [if one] puts out his hand, he can hardly see it. And whoever Allah does not guide will have no light. (Surah An-Nur:40)”. Allah had enlarged the chest of Imam al-Hadi (a.s.) for receiving knowledge and expanded his heart for sciences, for instance, Imam al-Hadi (a.s.) said, “Once, a Jew came to Amir’ul- Mu’minin (a.s.) and said to him, ‘Tell me about that which is not of Allah, that which Allah does not have, and that which Allah does not know!’Imam ‘Ali (a.s.) said, ‘What Allah does not know is that He does not know (accept) that He has a child. This refutes your (the Jews’) saying that Uzayr is the son of Allah. As for that which is not of Allah, it is injustice because there is no injustice with Allah against His people. And as for your saying about that which Allah does not have, it is that Allah has no partner.’ Thus, societies may use technology to address urgent problems like economic inequality and others by capitalizing on morality with logical reasoning.
- By highlighting Global Peace
Last but not least, the moral lessons obtained from revelation can stimulate individuals and leaders to act with honesty and sympathy, fostering a culture of Peace that transcends borders. This integration fosters collaborative efforts to resolve conflicts and create a viaduct between various cultures and faiths by focusing on communication and understanding. As Quran states that: “And Allah invites to the Home of Peace and guides whom He wills to a straight path” (10:25). Consequently, the lessons of Medina Charter include religious freedom, security of the community, acceptance of followers of religions as one nation, and the need for all religious communities to protect one another from any threats, discrimination and oppression Thus, it also advances the idea that Peace is not just the truanting of conflict but the presence of justice and equity
Critical analysis
A potential foundation for dealing with today’s complicated situations is provided by the combination of Reason (intellect) and revelation, which provides comprehensive knowledge that combines analytical tools with ethical guidance. But there are hurdles to control, such as conflicting expositions of revelation, secularism, possible peremptoriness, and opposition to change. Societies may create more impartial and sustainable policies by invigorating multidisciplinary collaboration and education, emphasising ethical deliberation and logical reasoning. Ultimately, this consolidation nourishes our ability to empathize and collaborate, essential for superscribing the complex conflicts confronting humanity in a globalized society.
Conclusion
To conclude, the combination of Reason (intellect) and revelation provides a vigorous framework for tackling today’s many complex problems. Societies should create all-encompassing solutions that advance justice, tranquillity, and compassion by merging ethical and moral direction with logical analysis. In the end, this association not only improves our comprehension of complex issues but also cultivates a cooperative and empathetic tradition, both of which are essential for creating a more equitable, just and harmonious society.
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