CSS 2022 Solved Current Affairs Past Papers | Comparison of Xi Jinping and Joe Biden
The following question of CSS Current Affairs 2022 is solved by Sir Ammar Hashmi, the best Current Affairs Coach, on the guided pattern of Sir Syed Kazim Ali, which he taught to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question breakdown
This question requires a comparison of leadership qualities between Xi Jinping of China and Joe Biden of the US.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Comparison of leadership qualities between Xi Jinping of China and Joe Biden of the US
- ✓Political system and context
- ✓Leadership style (centralization vs democracy)
- ✓Economic reforms and policies
- ✓Foreign policy
- ✓Communication style
- ✓Public perception
3-Critical Analysis
4-Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
The political settings of Joe Biden and Xi Jinping are different, significantly influencing their leadership styles. Xi Jinping prioritizes control, stability, and global power through aggressive reform, while democratic principles and a cooperative approach characterize Biden’s style. These differences highlight the more significant political system disparities between China and the US and their ideologies and geopolitical agendas. By understanding these distinctions, leaders can better influence international relations and negotiate global positions.
Comparison of leadership qualities between Xi Jinping of China and Joe Biden of the US
Following are the critical leadership qualities that make Xi Jinping, the fifth President of China after the 4th Constitution in 1982, and Joe Biden, the 46th President of the US, distinct from each other:
- Political system and context
1- Xi Jinping is the head of the People’s Republic of China, serving as the president and chairman of the Central Military Commission and the communist party’s general secretary. His leadership style has been defined by China’s one-party government’s top-down, centralized methodology standard.
2-Joe Biden holds the office of President of the United States, a position with checks and balances within a democratic system. His leadership frequently influences compromise and negotiation in multiparty systems.
- Leadership style (centralization vs democracy)
1-Xi Jinping has significantly increased authority in China, as demonstrated during the Communist Party’s 19th and 20th National Congresses.
2-Joe Biden, on the other hand, has a forceful, top-down leadership style, allowing decision-making without checks and balances. Despite partisan challenges, Biden aims to cooperate with all parties.
- Economic reforms and policies
1-China is now the world’s second-biggest economy because of the Belt and Road Initiative and other aggressive economic policies implemented under Xi Jinping. China, whose GDP is expected to reach over $17.23 trillion in 2023, has grown its technology and green energy sectors while emphasizing technological innovation and self-sufficiency. With initiatives like “Made in China 2025” seeking to establish China as a worldwide leader in high-tech areas, Xi’s advocacy of the “Chinese Dream” and “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” highlights state control over industries.
2-Through programs like the American rescue plan, which has injected $1.9 trillion into the economy, and by emphasizing infrastructure investments and climate efforts like the Inflation Reduction Act for Clean Energy, Joe Biden’s presidency has focused on rebuilding the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Foreign policy
1-Xi Jinping’s foreign policy is referred to as forceful. China’s massive infrastructure projects, including the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the South China Sea, are constructed to foster economic ties between Asia, Europe, and Africa. This aids China’s increasing clout on the world stage, but worries about debt diplomacy and bilateral problems with other countries, such as the US, still exist.
2-Rebuilding peers and reestablishing American leadership are the cornerstones of Joe Biden’s foreign policy. In addition, addressing global concerns, including re-engaging with NATO, promoting democratic values, and combating climate change through the Paris Accord, is part of US foreign policy. This foreign policy approach seeks to maintain its monopoly while fostering international cooperation. However, issues like the chaotic withdrawal from Afghanistan continue to be raised.
- Communication style
1-Xi communicates more directly and personally, especially when speaking to Chinese individuals. To develop relevance and a bond with the locals, he uses tales, references, and personal experiences. He speaks boldly and straightforwardly while addressing the world globally.
2-Biden communicates in an approachable and considerate manner. His narrative style emphasises harmony, reconciliation, and personal anecdotes. He aims to build public trust and overcome national differences. Despite his laid-back demeanour, he has come under fire for being opaque and indecisive.
- Public perception
1-The views of Xi Jinping’s leadership are divided among the public. His attitude among nationals ranged from criticism to adulation. Besides, his admiration varies from authoritarianism and a strategic perspective to support for:
- xenophobia oversight,
- rigidity,
- surveillance, and
- suppression.
2-Joe Biden’s leadership is viewed as a unified, responsible power in his nation. However, criticisms like the following remain intact:
- economic conditions and epidemics,
- focusing on repairing relationships and
- combating climate change
Critical Analysis
The divergent political beliefs, worldviews, and systems of Xi Jinping and Joe Biden make their leadership styles different. The consolidation of power by Xi Jinping has made it possible to implement policies and reforms successfully. However, it also has the potential to stifle dissent and undermine institutional safeguards. His high aims resulted in harsh measures and internal issues. He has managed China’s long-term strategic goals, including infrastructural and technical improvements. At the same time, Biden emphasises collaboration, bipartisanship, public sector expertise, and domestic policy initiatives. This includes social programs, infrastructure investments, and climate action, which make him strong.
Conclusion
China’s Xi Jinping and Joe Biden have different leadership styles. Xi Jinping has a top-down, centralized strategy, which has led China’s economy to become the second-largest in the world. Biden’s foreign policy prioritizes global issues through the Paris Agreement, revives the economy, and reinstates American leadership. However, his ambiguous communication approach has been criticized for its inability to make decisions. Where Xi Jinping’s strategic thinking and authoritarianism are admired. However, Biden’s unity and responsibility are criticized for economic issues, diseases, interpersonal relationships, and climate change.
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