CSS 2019 Solved Islamiyat Past Papers | Suggestions to Reform Pakistani Politics

The following question of Islamiat is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted on the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.

Question Breakdown

The examiner has asked about the suggestions to reform Pakistani politics. In this answer we will discuss the importance of the political system of Islam. The first part is an outline, breaking the question into different parts. Moving further, an introduction is given, followed by an overview of the importance of the political system of Islam, its fundamentals, critical analysis, and conclusion.

Outline

1-Introduction

2- Comprehending the importance of the political system of Islam for giving suggestions to reform Pakistani politics

• ✓A glance at the Islamic political system 
• ✓Overview of Pakistani Politics

3- Suggestions to reform Pakistani politics keeping in view the different aspects of the political system of Islam

4- Critical Analysis

5- Conclusion

Answer to the Question

Introduction

The Islamic Political system has a mandatory role in bringing stability and peace to the despotic state by encouraging electoral, constitutional, economic, political and economic reforms. This system mainly comprises strengthening accountability and justice by engaging the efficient leaders and shura in consultation matters for protecting giving rights and performing duties. However, Pakistan’s political system has faced a despotic condition since its inception. To overcome this situation, Pakistani politics can follow the path provided by the Islamic political system by adding provisions, including incorporating basic Islamic beliefs, boosting accountability and justice, strengthening the rule of law, improving electoral and constitutional reforms, encouraging inclusive governance and religious tolerance and boosting social integration. If Pakistani politics strictly implements these policies, political stability can be revived. Thus,the Islamic political system can assist in reviving Pakistani politics.

Comprehending the importance of the political system of Islam for giving suggestions to reform Pakistani politics

• A glance at the Islamic political system 

Before diving deep, it is indispensable to comprehend the Islamic Political system and the situation of Pakistani politics. The Islamic political system is the universal political system, having comprehensive provisions in all domains, such as social, economic, and political, that reflect suggestions to overcome the despotic situation prevailing in the world. This system does not rely on theoretical provisions but also on practical implementation. This can be seen in the Holy Prophet’s life (P.B.U.H) and pious Caliphate. The Constitution of Madinah drafted by Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H), the Evolution of the Islamic state of Madinah and the Caliphate system, mentions the suggestions that can be used for reforming the political system by keeping the domains of the Islamic political system side by side. This system strengthens the enforcement of Sharia Law (democratic and Military struggle), Majlis-e-Shura (Consultative Assembly), and the Electoral Process (electing Caliphs and leaders). The core values of the Islamic political system are justice, equality, fairness, accountability, transparency and representation. Provisions of the Islamic Political system are framed based on these core values. The institutions of this system are the Caliphate or Imamate, Shura Council, Majlis-e-Shura and Islamic courts. The key principles of these institutions and the political system are,

• Overview of Pakistani Politics

Since its inception, Pakistan has been facing a political crisis. Internal and external challenges are the hurdles to revive political stability in Pakistan. The challenges faced by Pakistan are given below,

Suggestions to reform Pakistani politics keeping in view the different aspects of the political system of Islam

• Strengthen the basic Islamic beliefs by empowering sovereignty belongs to Allah Almighty and believing in Prophethood

First and foremost, to ensure political stability in Pakistan, it is important to strengthen Islamic beliefs. The first provision of the Islamic political system should be present, which is sovereignty belonging to Allah Almighty and belief in Prophethood. Although this provision is present in the Constitution of Pakistan 1973, practical implementation is needed and guidance should be taken from the Islamic political system. The purpose of this is to create the fear of Allah that the leaders are only subordinate to Allah and belief in Prophethood is necessary. Allah Almighty says in Al-Quran (3:189),

“And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and Allah is over all things competent.”

This verse shows the sovereignty of Allah. In another place, Allah Almighty says in (Al-Quran 3:26),

“Say, ‘O Allah, Owner of Sovereignty, You give sovereignty to whom You will and You take sovereignty away from whom You will.”

This verse illustrates Allah’s power of giving and taking from subordinates. For the belief of Prophethood, Allah Almighty says in Al-Quran (21:25),

“And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, ‘There is no deity except Me, so worship Me.”

This verse shows the concept of Prophethood, which describes the responsibility of the Prophet. In another verse, Allah Almighty says in Al-Quran (7:158), Say, [O Muhammad],

“O mankind, indeed I am the Messenger of Allah to you all, [from Him] to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. There is no deity except Him; He gives life and causes death.” So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered prophet, who believes in Allah and His words, and follow him that you may be guided.”

This verse shows the importance of believing the concept of Prophethood and Allah’s sovereignty. Thus, by following the basic Islamic beliefs, Pakistani politics can become stable.

• Boost Accountability, Transparency, Justice and Rule of Law by incorporating Islamic values of honesty and integrity

Pakistani politics has become a predator of weak accountability, injustice, lack of transparency and rule of law. However, the presence of these features in a true manner is essential for strengthening the state’s political system. Pakistani politics can be stabilised by following the path described by the Islamic political system. Allah says about Accountability in Al-Quran (28:75),

“And We will extract from every nation a witness and say, “Produce your proof,” and they will know that the truth belongs to Allah, and lost from them is that which they used to invent.”

This verse shows that accountability is essential and corruption can be removed if leaders and citizens implement it. Allah says about transparency in Al-Quran (9:105),

“And say, “Do [as you will], for Allah will see your deeds, and [so, will] His Messenger and the believers. And you will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, and He will inform you of what you used to do.”

This verse signifies the importance of transparency by highlighting the individual’s deeds. Allah says about Justice in Al-Quran (Al-Quran 49:9),

“And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah. And if it returns, then make a settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.”

This verse highlights justice and describes that the case should be solved unbiasedly. Allah says about the Rule of Law in the Al-Quran (5:45),

“And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed – then it is those who are the wrongdoers.”

This verse signifies the rule of Law is important for everyone. If the Pakistani Government follows these verses strictly, it can get rid of evils related to justice. Thus, Pakistani politics can be strengthened by improving accountability, transparency, justice and the rule of law.

• Improve the electoral reforms by strengthening the selection of leaders as Caliph and Imam and implementing the philosophy of the Caliphate 

Electoral irregularities are the main root of developing problems and disturb Pakistani politics. However, these issues can be resolved by following the Islamic Political system. This can be improved by adding provisions from the Constitution of Madinah for the selection of leaders. Moreover, Shah Walli Ullah also gave the theory of Khilafat and his teachings can be added to Pakistani politics for resolving issues of selecting a leader. This theory describes about leader’s qualities, qualifications, roles, limitations, conditions, and disqualifications.  According to this theory, the criteria for the selection of the leader should be difficult and this theory’s implementation can remove the electoral irregularities from Pakistani politics. The leader should be accountable to Sharia, ensure consultation with Ulama, protect individual rights and establish justice and fairness.  Following the path described in the Islamic political system by implementing the philosophy of the caliphate, Pakistan can revive its political stability. Thus, electoral irregularities can be reduced by implementing the true essence of the Islamic political system.

• Strengthen the Sharia Law and truly democratic system and revive constitutional reforms by promoting the Ijtihad and pure consultation

Weak Sharia Law and democratic system have shambled the roots of the Pakistani Political system. However, true teachings for strengthening the Sharia Law and a truly democratic system can be taken from the Islamic political system. Moreover, Allah says about Sharia law in Al-Quran (5:49),

“And judge, [O Muhammad], between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their inclinations and beware of them, lest they tempt you away from some of what Allah has revealed to you. And if they turn away – then know that Allah only intends to afflict them with some of their [own] sins. And indeed, many among the people are defiantly disobedient.”

This verse signifies the laws made by Allah and focuses on implementing this verse while standing in the domain of Sharia law. Furthermore, Allah says about the democratic system in Al-Quran (42:38),

“And those who have responded to their lord and established prayer and whose affair is [determined by] consultation among themselves, and from what We have provided them, they spend.”

This verse highlights the consultation among themselves, showing pure democracy lies in the lap of consultation. Thus, the concept of weak Sharia law and democratic system can be diminished by applying the true essence of the concept of Sharia law and democratic system to revive stable Pakistani politics.

• Foster a sense of Inclusive Governance and religious tolerance by ensuring the participation of minorities in the political process and promoting Islamic teachings of compassion and co-existence

Inequality in giving rights of freedom of expression, religion, political process, political representation, property and life is mainly due to the absence of the true essence of inclusive governance and religious tolerance in Pakistani politics. However, the Islamic political system focuses on inclusive governance and religious tolerance. Allah says in Al-Quran (9:6),

“And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know.”

This verse signifies the importance of giving minorities rights. Moreover, Allah says in Al-Quran (16:25),

“Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His way, and He is most knowing of who is [rightly] guided.”

This verse highlights the importance of consultation with minorities. Furthermore, Allah says in Al-Quran (18:29),

“And say, “The truth is from your Lord, so whoever wills – let him believe; and whoever wills – let him disbelieve.” Indeed, We have prepared for the wrongdoers a fire whose walls will surround them. And if they call for relief, they will be relieved with water like murky oil, which scalds [their] faces. Wretched is the drink, and evil is the resting place.”

This verse emphasizes on the importance of religious tolerance. Thus, Pakistani politics can become stable by strictly implementing these verses in governance and religious tolerance.

• Stimulation of the economic reforms align with Islamic values of fairness and justice

Unbiasedness in Pakistan’s economic regulations results from the lack of incorporated Islamic values for fairness and justice. However, the Islamic political system allows the state to establish a stable economy by adding provisions related to the economy. Allah says in the Al-Quran (17:35),

“And give full measure when you measure, and weigh with an even balance. That is the best [way] and best result.”

This verse shows the significance of justice and fairness, important tenants for economic empowerment. Furthermore, Allah says in Al-Quran (3:130),

“O you who have believed, do not consume usury, doubled and multiplied, but fear Allah that you may be successful.”

This verse highlights the importance of the prohibition of interest in the Islamic political system. Moreover, Allah says in Al-Quran (22:78),

“And strive for Allah with the striving due to Him. He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in the religion any difficulty. [It is] the religion of your father, Abraham. Allah named you “Muslims” before [in former scriptures] and in this [revelation] that the Messenger may be a witness over you and you may be witnesses over the people. So establish prayer and give zakah and hold fast to Allah. He is your protector; and excellent is the protector, and excellent is the helper.”

This verse shows the importance of incorporating Charity and Zakah into the political system. Thus, Pakistani politics has faced economic irregularities and can be overcome by economic reforms showing alignment with Islamic values.

• Boost social welfare, social harmony and peace by ensuring the Islamic principles of compassion and social responsibility and protecting individual rights

Pakistani politics is deprived of social integration due to a lack of Islamic values. However, the Islamic political system paves the way for social integration and reviving harmony. Allah says in Al-Quran (3:103),

And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. And remember the favor of Allah upon you – when you were enemies and He brought your hearts together and you became, by His favor, brothers. And you were on the edge of a pit of the Fire, and He saved you from it. Thus does Allah make clear to you His verses that you may be guided.

This verse signifies the importance of social unity and peace. Moreover, Allah says in Al-Quran (5:2),

“O you who have believed, do not violate the rites of Allah or [the sanctity of] the sacred month or [neglect the marking of] the sacrificial animals and garlanding [them] or [violate the safety of] those coming to the Sacred House seeking bounty from their Lord and [His] approval. But when you come out of ihram, then [you may] hunt. And do not let the hatred of a people for having obstructed you from al-Masjid al-Haram lead you to transgress. And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.”

This verse highlights the significance of cooperation and mutual support. Thus, by reviving social reforms incorporating Islamic values, Pakistani politics can be strengthened.

Critical Analysis

Critically, Pakistan’s political system has been facing ups and downs since its inception. The main reason for this is forgetting the ideology of Islam. The leaders and Shura only legislate and implement policies that are in their interests. This leads to political instability, which hurts the sentiments of other domains of the state, including social and economic. However, Pakistani politics need to overcome this situation and protect the state from falling into the mud water. This only happens by adding provisions to the Islamic political system. Therefore, leaders and Shura keep their differences aside and focus on reviving Pakistan’s political system by incorporating Islamic values and principles. Thus, the main cause of reviving Pakistan’s political system is the inefficiency of political leader and shura, who are living their life in their interests.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, the Political system is the main branch from which other branches, such as social and economic, emerge. So, stability in the political system plays a crucial role in development. However, the stability of Pakistan’s political system can be revised by adding provisions from the Islamic political system by strictly following it. This needs to reform the electoral, constitutional, social and economic process. Thus, Islamic Political system is very important for the stability of Pakistani politics.

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