CSS 2010 Solved Pakistan Affairs Past Papers | Jinnah Consolidated the Nascent State of Pakistan
The following question of CSS Pakistan Affairs 2010 is solved by Miss Iqra Ali, the best Pakistan Affairs Coach, on the guided pattern of Sir Syed Kazim Ali, which he taught to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
In this question, the examiner has asked you to comment on the stance; how far is it correct to say that Quaid-i-Azam consolidated the nascent state of Pakistan? So, start with an introduction by including all the leading points which you will write in your answer. Then, set the context for your answer by providing a historical background of the problems the state has encountered after its establishment. Next, write the body and support your comment with reasons and evidence. Last, conclude your answer.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Overviewing Past for Understanding the Issues of the Newly Born State of Pakistan
3-How Jinnah Consolidated the Nascent State of Pakistan?
- ✓ By Providing Leadership in Governance
- Evidence: According to Sikandar Hayat, who is a prominent historian, writes in his book The Charismatic Leader: Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and the Creation of Pakistan that Jinnah had the remarkable ability to guide the nascent state despite facing challenges, such as economic constraints, refugee rehabilitation crisis, and boundary issues
- Evidence: According to Sikandar Hayat, who is a prominent historian, writes in his book The Charismatic Leader: Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and the Creation of Pakistan that Jinnah had the remarkable ability to guide the nascent state despite facing challenges, such as economic constraints, refugee rehabilitation crisis, and boundary issues
- ✓ By Addressing Partition Challenges Swiftly
- Evidence: According to the article titled Humanitarian Internationalism and Funding Relief for Refugees from Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan, 1947–1951, written by Cabeiri Deborah Robinson, the international fundraising campaign brought in donations from all over the world as well as from West and East Pakistan.
- Evidence: According to the article titled Humanitarian Internationalism and Funding Relief for Refugees from Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan, 1947–1951, written by Cabeiri Deborah Robinson, the international fundraising campaign brought in donations from all over the world as well as from West and East Pakistan.
- ✓ By Building a Firm Foundation of the State Institutions
- Evidence: He addressed military personnel in Quetta on June 14, 1948, and said, you have to do your duty as servants; you are not concerned with this or that political party. You are servants of the state; your duty is only to serve the State and the Government as servants and not to meddle in politics.
- ✓ By Eliminating Discords and Promoting National Unity
- Evidence: For illustration, in his speech on 11th August 1947 speech, he said that you are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques, or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan.
- Evidence: For illustration, in his speech on 11th August 1947 speech, he said that you are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques, or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan.
- ✓ By Establishing Sovereignty through International Relations
4- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
A cohesive and functional state needs a strong foundation. However, it requires good governance in the presence of charismatic leadership like Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who not only laid the foundation of Pakistan but also consolidated it in an unprecedented way. After the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947, the country encountered myriad challenges, whether in the form of rehabilitation of the refugees, Kashmir issue, water dispute, or flagrant financial issues. However, Jinnah, the then governor-general of the state, systematically handled the lingering issues and laid the firm foundation, based on which its economy remained a trendsetter up to the 1960s in South Asia. The following points illustrate how he consolidated the newly established state of Pakistan. First, his steps as governor-general of Pakistan allow him to consolidate the newborn state by establishing a multi-pronged pragmatic framework and governance model that ensures practicability, stability, and endurance at the socio-economic and political levels. Second, he took a step forward to mobilize the financial resources by other means to rehabilitate the migrated masses despite the limited financial share transferred by the Indian government. Further, he opted for a realistic and legitimate approach to deal with the boundary disputes that arose from the unjust Redcliff Award. Third, he organized the leading institutions, such as the military and civil service, to ensure the smooth functioning of the state. Last, he promoted reconciliation and national integration by declaring one common language, Urdu, as the national language of Pakistan. In addition, he strengthened the country’s international standing by securing acknowledgment from the leading global players, such as the United Kingdom and the United States. To conclude, Jinnah’s pragmatic and farsighted vision helps the nascent state strengthen its roots and provides it endurance and stability constitutionally, politically, socially, and economically.
Overviewing Past for Understanding the Issues of the Newly Born State of Pakistan
Carved out of the Indian subcontinent, a colony of the British Empire, stretched to an area of 881,913 km2 and coastline of 1,046 km, bordered with Iran, India, Afghanistan, and China, Pakistan came into being on 14th August 1947. After its formation, the country has faced myriad social, political, and economic challenges, jeopardizing its endurance as a nascent state. Thus, it was inevitable to consolidate it on every edge, holding the significance of providing socio-economic and political stability. Among its leading challenges, the financial crisis was the most daunting because the rehabilitation of the massive influx of refugees required large sums of money. Then, the scars of the partition and the memory of bloodshed, massacre, and genocide held a lasting imprint in the hearts of people, dissembling unity and integration. Other issues, like the Indo-Pak water-sharing dispute, accession of princely states, and Kashmir’s accession issue, added fuel to the smoldering fire. This course of events needed a leadership that meticulously dealt with the challenges. Thus, Jinnah came forward and consolidated the state as the governor-general of Pakistan.
How Jinnah Consolidated the Nascent State of Pakistan?
The following points demonstrate how Jinnah consolidated the newly born state by adopting a multi-pronged strategy to cope with the challenges that arose from the partition of the sub-continent.
- ✓ By Providing Leadership in Governance
After the partition, the country had to establish a firm governance model to consolidate its standing at the socio-political and economic levels. So, Jinnah took a step forward and assumed the role of governor-general on 15 August 1947. Nonetheless, the step provided the state with a decisive leadership that established a strong foundation for its governance. According to Sikandar Hayat, who is a prominent historian, writes in his book The Charismatic Leader: Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and the Creation of Pakistan that Jinnah had the remarkable ability to guide the nascent state despite facing challenges, such as economic constraints, refugee rehabilitation crisis, and boundary issues. Since the state was established based on religion and the two-nation theory, the incorporation of the fundamentals that would eventually guide its socio-economic policy was indispensable. Thus, he played an influential role in setting up a coherent administrative machinery aligned with the principles of Islam and capable of mitigating modern-world challenges. Then, his constitutional vision, such as the notion of democracy, equality, and the rule of law, laid the basis for an inclusive but not a staunch religious state.
- ✓ By Addressing Partition Challenges Swiftly
Then, he tackled the paramount challenges, such as the rehabilitation of refugees and the acute financial crisis. He not only mobilized financial resources but also established camps for the rehabilitation of the homeless and impoverished refugees. He established the Quaid-e Azam’s Relief Fund (QARF) in September 1947. According to the article titled Humanitarian Internationalism and Funding Relief for Refugees from Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan, 1947–1951, written by Cabeiri Deborah Robinson, the international fundraising campaign brought in donations from all over the world as well as from West and East Pakistan. Indubitably, he handled the massive influx of refugees in the difficult condition of the delayed funds transfer from the colonial government.
- ✓ By Building a Firm Foundation of the State Institutions
Next, he opted to build a strong foundation for the state’s leading institutions, such as civil services and the military. His vision and speeches provided a basic understanding of how he wanted the outlook of these institutions, such as a competent and efficient civil service and a separation of the military from politics. He addressed military personnel in Quetta on June 14, 1948, and said, you have to do your duty as servants; you are not concerned with this or that political party. You are servants of the state; your duty is only to serve the State and the Government as servants and not to meddle in politics. His vision portrays his approach toward adopting a democratic form of government where state institutions function under civilian control.
- ✓ By Eliminating Discords and Promoting National Unity
First, he stepped forward to earn tribal goodwill by reducing the military engagements from South Waziristan and tribal areas. Then, he tried to unite the ethnically, linguistically, and culturally divided nation by declaring one common national language, Urdu. He emphasized national unity and cohesion despite religious differences, which is evident in his speeches. For illustration, in his speech on 11th August 1947 speech, he said that you are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques, or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion, caste, or creed—that has nothing to do with the business of the State. Furthermore, he discouraged provincialism and supported the idea of a presidential form of government under a strong center and devolution of power to the federating units.
- ✓ By Establishing Sovereignty through International Relations
Additionally, he secured recognition for the nascent state from the international community and the global leading players, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. He emphasized non-alignment in the wake of the Cold War, which implies not being part of any block. Then, he emphasized unity and peace, so realizing the importance of the membership of the United Nations, he favored the state’s membership. As a result, Pakistan became a member of the United Nations Organization on 30th September 1948. In addition, having realized the importance of the support of the Muslim international community and Muslim Ummah, he sought to include the provision of solidarity to all the Muslim nations of the world in the foreign policy of Pakistan.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, Jinnah’s visionary leadership helped the newly born state of Pakistan stand out politically, economically, socially, politically, and internationally. He not only abated the lingering fiscal crisis but also made a strong basis for the paramount institutions of the country. His decisions were instrumental in shaping the socio-economic and political landscape of the country. Thus, he revitalized the lost strength of the Muslim nation. The vision behind his decision for a presidential form of government emphasizes his ability to navigate the complex cultural tapestry of the state to ensure national unity and cohesion. Thus, it can be said that by providing a foundational basis, Jinnah consolidated the state in its early period of formation.
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