CSS Solved Islamiyat Past Paper 2020 | Humanity in the Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet
The following question of Islamiat is solved by Miss Ayesha Irfan, the highest scorer in CSS Islamiat. Moreover, the question is attempted on the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. This solved past paper question is uploaded to help aspirants understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.
Question Breakdown
The examiner inquired about a suitable response to the issue of how the Holy Prophet’s last speech serves as the foundational text for raising human rights awareness among people. Nevertheless, giving a thorough overview of human rights is necessary if you wish to do well in Islamic studies. Furthermore, the examples of human rights from the previous sermon will raise an individual’s reaction standard. This part might be clarified by referring to the human rights incidents from the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Outline
1- Introduction
2- Significance of human rights according to the Holy Quran
3- Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad: The Best Charter of Human Rights Awareness
- 3.1- Signifies the equality of human rights
- 3.2- Advocates for the right to life
- 3.3- Advocates for the right to freedom
- 3.4- Emphasized the rights and dignity of women
- 3.5- Highlighting the significance of economic and inheritance rights
- 3.6-Supports the rights of minorities and servants
- 3.7-Excellent route towards the eradication of lawlessness
4- Conclusion
Answer to the Question
Introduction
Verily, Islam is the religion of peace, prosperity, and humanity; therefore, the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) last sermon is notable for its eloquence and thought-provoking message for humanity. Nevertheless, the final sermon demonstrates a spirit of fraternity and humanity that surpasses differences in people’s racial, ethnic, and geographic backgrounds. It also outlines a social structure free from oppression and injustice that guarantees the Basic Human Rights and Needs for a genuinely free and peacefully developing society. From the standpoint of human rights, the final sermon delivered by the Prophet (PBUH) is a significant and noteworthy piece of writing in human history that signifies and uplifts humanity to the peak of the mountain.
Significance of human rights according to the Holy Quran
Islam guarantees the intrinsic right to human rights, regardless of gender, colour, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or other characteristics. The freedom from slavery and torture, the right to life and liberty, the freedom of speech and thought, the right to employment and education, and many more are examples of human rights. Fourteen centuries ago, Islam provided humanity with a perfect set of human rights and sought to end injustice, exploitation, and tyranny while bestowing onto humanity honour and dignity. For instance, Allah says in Quran Surah Al-An’am-151 Say, O Prophet, “Come! Let me recite what your Lord has forbidden to you: do not associate others with Him in worship. Do not fail to honour your parents. Do not kill your children for fear of poverty. We provide for you and them. Do not come near indecencies, openly or secretly. Do not take a human life—made sacred by Allah—except with legal right. This is what He has commanded you, so perhaps you will understand. Islam’s view of human rights is based on the conviction that God, and God alone, is the source of all human rights and the one who gives laws. Owing to their divine origin, human rights granted by God cannot be restricted or violated in any manner by any ruler, government, assembly, or authority, nor can they be relinquished. Thus, the Qur’an emphasizes that every person’s life is equal to the life of a community and should be handled with the highest care.
Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad: The Best Charter of Human Rights Awareness
Renowned Islamic scholar Khalid Aalvi states, “The Prophet (S.A.W.) now wanted to give final instructions to his followers because, towards the end of the 10th Hijra, the end of his life was approaching.” The sermon’s subject was humanistic and a model of eloquence and conciseness. In his final sermon, the Prophet (PBUH) emphasized the need for fairness and equality.
- Signifies the equality of human rights
The idea of equality is a fundamental component of Islamic values. This concept of equality should not be confused with stereotyping. Islam teaches that all humans are equal in the eyes of Allah Almighty. Therefore, the Holy Prophet made it evident in his last sermon that all individuals are equal regardless of race, gender, and belief. For instance, the Holy Prophet(PBUH) said that “All mankind is from Adam and Eve, and Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over a black, nor, a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action.” Thus, in his last sermon, the Holy Prophet brought up the subject of human equality for the first time. In contrast, the 19th century saw the establishment of the Magna Carta, press freedom, religious freedom, security and liberty rights, freedom of expression, and equality rights. However, the Holy Prophet revealed all these rights 1400 years ago.
- Advocates for the right to life
The right to life and respect for human life are fundamental rights and are significant points in the last sermon of the Holy Prophet(PBUH). Indeed, Islam holds that human life is essential and untouchable and that it should be protected at all costs. Except in cases when the law thus dictates, no one in Islam is subject to harm or death. For instance, the Holy Prophet(PBUH) said, “O People! Just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord and that he will indeed reckon your deeds.” Thus, the Holy Prophet(PBUH) developed consciousness of the sanctity of life in the Muslims through his last sermon and taught the Muslims to respect others’ lives and dignity.
- Advocates for the right to freedom
Not only has Islam forbidden the outdated custom of capturing a free man to turn him into an enslaved person, but it has also provided its right to freedom. The Prophet (PBUH) made the following evident and unequivocal statements about this matter: There are three categories of people against whom I shall be a plaintiff on the Day of Judgement. Of these three, one is he who enslaves a free man, then sells him and eats this money” (al-Bukhari and Ibn Majjah). The teachings of the Prophet remain universal; no nation, race, country, or group of people who follow a particular religion has been singled out or given preferential treatment. No one has the power to convert a non-Muslim to Islam, according to Islam.
“Freedom of religion is one of God’s greatest gifts to man, regardless of race and colour. He is the author and Lord of conscience, and no power on earth has a right to stand between God and the conscience.”
(Philip Schaff)
- Emphasizes the rights and dignity of women
Going down the ladder, Islam abolished injustice, inhumanity, and prejudice against women while providing men and women with a comprehensive code of conduct. Therefore, the Holy Prophet(PBUH) emphasized women’s rights and fought for their right to justice, life, and respect in his last sermon. “The Holy Prophet said, “Be deeply aware of God’s will regarding women and treat them well”. In his sermon, the Prophet emphasized the need to protect women’s rights and ensure their well-being, in addition to stressing the need to treat them with love, equality, and respect. Two things that Muhammad’s legacy included were ending infanticide and defining women’s rights. Therefore, the beloved Prophet (PBUH) said, “O People, while you have certain rights over your women, remember that they have rights over you as well. Recall that you have only accepted them as your wives with Allah’s approval and trust. They have the right to food and clothing, provided they respect your rights. Since women are your partners and devoted assistants, please treat them respectfully and kindly. You also have the right to demand that they never be unchaste and that they not make friends with anyone you disapprove of.” An essential principle of Islam is gender equality; therefore, the Holy Prophet emphasized and granted women the freedom of marriage to their own will and the divinely sanctioned rights to inheritance and property in a society.
- Highlights the significance of economic and inheritance rights
One crucial component of human rights is economic rights. When possibilities and earnings are not allocated relatively throughout society, the affluent become more prosperous, and the poor get poorer, leading to socio-economic instability. Consequently, the holy Prophet (PBUH) forbade taking an interest in the Islamic economic system and emphasized its significance in his last sermon. Therefore, the Prophet (PBUH) said, “All interests and usurious dues accruing from time to time of ignorance stand wiped out.” Additionally, Islam grants all Muslims the right to inherit. In the Quran, Allah allocated each person a specific inheritance portion. Therefore, in his finest and most recent sermon, the Prophet (PBUH) highlighted the value of inheritance. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “O people, Allah, the mighty and Exalted, has ordained to everyone his due share (of inheritance). Hence, there is no need for an exceptional testament for an heir (departing from the rules laid down by Shariah). Thus, in his final sermon, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) emphasized the value of economic and inheritance rights to raise people’s awareness of their fundamental rights, particularly among Muslims.
- Supports the rights of minorities and servants
Verily, Islam grants rights to both minorities and servants. Consequently, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) emphasized the rights of minorities and servants in his last speech. The beloved Prophet (PBUH) said, “And your slaves, I see that you feed them with such food as you eat yourselves and clothe them with the same clothes that you, yourselves, wear.” Additionally, for the rights of minorities, The beloved Prophet (PBUH) said, Whoever is cruel and brutal on a non-Muslim minority, or curtails their rights, or burdens them with more than they can bear, or takes anything from them against their free will; I (Prophet Muhammad) will complain against the person on the Day of Judgment.” Islam upholds and defends everyone’s right to life and dignity, irrespective of their race or faith. Thus, in his final sermon, the holy Prophet underlined the rights of minorities and servants.
- The excellent route towards the eradication of lawlessness
Indeed, Allah bestowed on the Muslims the ideal religion, the holy Quran, and the Prophet Muhammad as a role model. Indeed, Allah bestowed on the Muslims the perfect religion, the holy Quran, and the Prophet Muhammad as a role model. The beloved Prophet (PBUH) said, “Behold! All practices of the days of ignorance are now under my feet. The blood revenges of the days of ignorance are remitted.” Thus, in his final sermon, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) illustrated the best way to end lawlessness by citing the case of Hazrat Ibn-Rabi’ah-bin-Haris (R.A.), who was slain by the Hudayls, thus removing any chance of bloodshed.
Conclusion
That being said, the final sermon of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) proves to be the first universal human rights doctrine in history. The Holy Prophet emphasized women’s and human rights and lived a life that upheld these rights. Consequently, this sermon highlights the importance of fundamental human rights, such as freedom, justice, equality, and right to life, regardless of race, gender, or colour, and gives more significant rights to both men and women.
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